Compounds, compositions and methods

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates generally to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B modulators, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and methods of making and using thereof.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/553,750, filed Sep. 1, 2017, 62/609,267, filed Dec. 21, 2017, 62/634,721, filed Feb. 23, 2018 and 62/697,281, filed Jul. 12, 2018, all of which are incorporated by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to small molecule modulators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B and their use as therapeutic agents, for example, in treating diseases mediated thereby such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, frontotemporal dementia, and cancer.

BACKGROUND

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have a negative effect on the lives of millions of people.

The multi-subunit protein complexes eukaryotic initiation factor 2B and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 are required for protein synthesis initiation and regulation in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B is composed of five subunits (α, β, γ, δ, and ε), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is composed of three subunits (α, β, and γ). Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of guanosine-5′-diphosphate (GDP) with guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) on eukaryotic initiation factor 2, thereby allowing the GTP bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 to bind to the initiating methionine transfer RNA and initiate protein synthesis.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B is active when complexed as a ten subunit dimer. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP. Moreover, when the a subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated on serine 51, it inhibits and regulates the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. In its phosphorylated form, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 remains in an inactive GDP bound state and translation initiation is blocked.

The interaction between eukaryotic initiation factor 2B and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 plays an important role in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Activation of this pathway leads in part to ATF4 (Activating Transcription Factor 4) expression and stress granule formation. Aberrant ISR activation is found in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, with a strong functional link to pathology characterized by the RNA-binding/stress-granule protein TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP), also known as TDP43. Activation of eIF2B inhibits the ISR and ISR dependent stress granule formation and is found to be neuroprotective in multiple disease models.

Impairment of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activity is correlated to activation of the ISR pathway that is implicated in a variety neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia. Mutations in TDP43 and other RNA-binding proteins/stress-granule proteins alter stress-granule dynamics and cause ALS. Inhibition of the ISR pathway can block and promote the dissolution of stress-granules. In addition, mutations in the human eukaryotic initiation factor 2B subunits have been identified as causing leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) and childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination (CACH). In VWM/CACH patients, white matter lesions severely deteriorate and neurological disorders are exacerbated after stresses, and their eukaryotic initiation factor 2B guanine nucleotide exchange activities are generally lower than normal.

DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, that are useful in treating and/or preventing diseases mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, such as neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., neurodegeneration in prion disease) and cancer.

In some embodiments, provided are compounds that modulate the activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. In some embodiments, the compounds modulate the regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. In some aspects the compounds modulate the inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B by phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2. In some embodiments, the compounds interfere with the interaction between eukaryotic initiation factor 2B and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2. In some embodiments, the phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is phosphorylated on its alpha subunit (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α phosphate).

In some embodiments, provided are compounds that act as activators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B by increasing its GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange activity. In some embodiments, the compounds promote eukaryotic initiation factor 2B dimer formation. In other embodiments, the compounds enhances the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. In other embodiments, the compounds increases the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B on its eukaryotic initiation factor 2/GDP substrate.

In some embodiments, provided are compounds that desensitizes cells to the deleterious effects of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B inhibition. In some embodiments the deleterious effects include ATF4 expression and stress granule formation.

In another embodiment, provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for treating a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for treating a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for promoting or stabilizing eukaryotic initiation factor 2B dimer formation, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for promoting eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activity, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for desensitizing cells to eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for inhibiting the integrated stress response pathway, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for inhibiting stress granule formation, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for inhibiting ATF4 expression, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, provided is a method for inhibiting ATF4 translation, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, to a subject in need thereof.

The disclosure also provides compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, kits that include the compounds, and methods of using (or administering) and making the compounds. The disclosure further provides compounds or compositions thereof for use in a method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition that is mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. Moreover, the disclosure provides uses of the compounds or compositions thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition that is mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description sets forth exemplary embodiments of the present technology. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.

1. Definitions

As used in the present specification, the following words, phrases and symbols are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.

A dash (“-”) that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent. For example, —C(O)NH₂ is attached through the carbon atom. A dash at the front or end of a chemical group is a matter of convenience; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning. A wavy line or a dashed line drawn through a line in a structure indicates a specified point of attachment of a group. Unless chemically or structurally required, no directionality or stereochemistry is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written or named.

The prefix “C_(u-v)” indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms. For example, “C₁₋₆ alkyl” indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se. In certain embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ±10%. In other embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ±5%. In certain other embodiments, the term “about” includes the indicated amount ±1%. Also, to the term “about X” includes description of “X”. Also, the singular forms “a” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, e.g., reference to “the compound” includes a plurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includes reference to one or more assays and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art.

“Alkyl” refers to an unbranched or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain. As used herein, alkyl has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₂₀ alkyl), 1 to 12 carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₁₂ alkyl), 1 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₈ alkyl), 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₆ alkyl) or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₄ alkyl). Examples of alkyl groups include, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, and 3-methylpentyl. When an alkyl residue having a specific number of carbons is named by chemical name or identified by molecular formula, all positional isomers having that number of carbons may be encompassed; thus, for example, “butyl” includes n-butyl (i.e., —(CH₂)₃CH₃), sec-butyl (i.e., —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃), isobutyl (i.e., —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂), and tert-butyl (i.e., —C(CH₃)₃); and “propyl” includes n-propyl (i.e., —(CH₂)₂CH₃) and isopropyl (i.e., —CH(CH₃)₂).

Certain commonly used alternative chemical names may be used. For example, a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “aryl” group, a divalent heteroaryl group, etc., may also be referred to as an “alkylene” group or an “alkylenyl” group (for example, methylenyl, ethylenyl, and propylenyl), an “arylene” group or an “arylenyl” group (for example, phenylenyl or napthylenyl, or quinolinyl for heteroarylene), respectively. Also, unless indicated explicitly otherwise, where combinations of groups are referred to herein as one moiety, e.g., arylalkyl or aralkyl, the last mentioned group contains the atom by which the moiety is attached to the rest of the molecule.

“Alkenyl” refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₂₀ alkenyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₈ alkenyl), 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₆ alkenyl), or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₄ alkenyl). Examples of alkenyl groups include, e.g., ethenyl, propenyl, butadienyl (including 1,2-butadienyl and 1,3-butadienyl).

“Alkynyl” refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₂₀ alkynyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₈ alkynyl), 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₆ alkynyl), or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₄ alkynyl). The term “alkynyl” also includes those groups having one triple bond and one double bond.

“Alkoxy” refers to the group “alkyl-O—”. Examples of alkoxy groups include, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, and 1,2-dimethylbutoxy.

“Alkoxyalkyl” refers to the group “alkyl-O-alkyl”.

“Alkylthio” refers to the group “alkyl-S—”. “Alkylsulfinyl” refers to the group “alkyl-S(O)—”. “Alkylsulfonyl” refers to the group “alkyl-S(O)₂—”. “Alkylsulfonylalkyl” refers to -alkyl-S(O)₂-alkyl.

“Acyl” refers to a group —C(O)R^(y), wherein R^(y) is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of acyl include, e.g., formyl, acetyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylmethyl-carbonyl, and benzoyl.

“Amido” refers to both a “C-amido” group which refers to the group —C(O)NR^(y)R^(z) and an “N-amido” group which refers to the group —NR^(y)C(O)R^(z), wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein, or R^(y) and R^(z) are taken together to form a cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Amino” refers to the group —NR^(y)R^(z) wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Aminoalkyl” refers to the group “-alkyl-NR^(y)R^(z),” wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Amidino” refers to —C(NR^(y))(NR^(z) ₂), wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Aryl” refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., monocyclic) or multiple rings (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) including fused systems. As used herein, aryl has 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₆₋₂₀ aryl), 6 to 12 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C₆₋₁₂ aryl), or 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C₆₋₁₀ aryl). Examples of aryl groups include, e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, and anthryl. Aryl, however, does not encompass or overlap in any way with heteroaryl defined below. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heteroaryl, the resulting ring system is heteroaryl. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heterocyclyl, the resulting ring system is heterocyclyl.

“Arylalkyl” or “Aralkyl” refers to the group “aryl-alkyl-”.

“Carbamoyl” refers to both an “O-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group —O—C(O)NR^(y)R^(z) and an “N-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group —NR^(y)C(O)OR^(z), wherein R^(y) and R are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Carboxyl ester” or “ester” refer to both —OC(O)R^(x) and —C(O)OR^(x), wherein R^(x) is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Cyanoalkyl” refers to refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more (e.g., 1 or 2) hydrogen atoms are replaced by a cyano (—CN) group.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group having a single ring or multiple rings including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems. The term “cycloalkyl” includes cycloalkenyl groups (i.e., the cyclic group having at least one double bond) and carbocyclic fused ring systems having at least one sp³ carbon atom (i.e., at least one non-aromatic ring). As used herein, cycloalkyl has from 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₂₀ cycloalkyl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ cycloalkyl), 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl), 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl), or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl). Monocyclic groups include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic groups include, for example, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. Further, the term cycloalkyl is intended to encompass any non-aromatic ring which may be fused to an aryl ring, regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule. Still further, cycloalkyl also includes “spirocycloalkyl” when there are two positions for substitution on the same carbon atom, for example spiro[2.5]octanyl, spiro[4.5]decanyl, or spiro[5.5]undecanyl.

“Cycloalkoxy” refers to “—O-cycloalkyl.”

“Cycloalkylalkyl” refers to the group “cycloalkyl-alkyl-”.

“Cycloalkylalkoxy” refers to “—O-alkyl-cycloalkyl.”

“Guanidino” refers to —NR^(y)C(═NR^(z))(NR^(y)R^(z)), wherein each R^(y) and R^(z) are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Hydrazino” refers to —NHNH₂.

“Imino” refers to a group —C(NR^(y))R^(z), wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Imido” refers to a group —C(O)NR^(y)C(O)R^(z), wherein R^(y) and R^(z) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Halogen” or “halo” refers to atoms occupying group VIIA of the periodic table, such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

“Haloalkyl” refers to an unbranched or branched alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more (e.g., 1 to 6 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen. For example, where a residue is substituted with more than one halogen, it may be referred to by using a prefix corresponding to the number of halogen moieties attached. Dihaloalkyl and trihaloalkyl refer to alkyl substituted with two (“di”) or three (“tri”) halo groups, which may be, but are not necessarily, the same halogen. Examples of haloalkyl include, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl, and the like.

“Haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy group as defined above, wherein one or more (e.g., 1 to 6 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen.

“Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more (e.g., 1 to 6 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxy group.

“Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group, provided the point of attachment to the remainder of the molecule is through a carbon atom. The term “heteroalkyl” includes unbranched or branched saturated chain having carbon and heteroatoms. By way of example, 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms may be independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group. Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, —NR^(y)—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, and the like, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of heteroalkyl groups include, e.g., ethers (e.g., —CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)OCH₃, —CH₂CH₂OCH₃, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃, etc.), thioethers (e.g., —CH₂SCH₃, —CH(CH₃)SCH₃, —CH₂CH₂SCH₃, —CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂SCH₃, etc.), sulfones (e.g., —CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂OCH₃, etc.), and amines (e.g., —CH₂NR^(y)CH₃, —CH(CH₃)NR^(y)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₃, —CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₃, etc., where R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein). As used herein, heteroalkyl includes 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, or 1 heteroatom.

“Heteroalkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl group (i.e., alkylene) in which one or more (e.g., one to five or one to three) of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group, provided that when L is heteroalkylene then the point of attachment of the heteroalkylene to the pyran is through a carbon atom. “Heteroalkylene” groups must have at least one carbon and at least one heteroatomic group within the chain. Further to when L is heteroalkylene, the point of attachment of the heteroalkylene to —R² may be through a carbon atom or a heteroatom. The term “heteroalkylene” includes unbranched or branched saturated chain having carbon and heteroatoms. By way of example, 1, 2, or 3 carbon atoms may be independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group. Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, —NR^(y)—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, and the like, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of heteroalkylene groups include, e.g., —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)OCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂—, —CH₂SCH₂—, —CH(CH₃)SCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂SCH₂—, —CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂SCH₂—, —CH₂S(O)₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂—, —CH₂NR^(y)CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)NR^(y)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₂CH₂NR^(y)CH₂—, etc., where R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein). As used herein, heteroalkylene includes 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, or 1 heteroatom. As used herein, the term “heteroalkylene” does not include groups such as amides or other functional groups having an oxo present on one or more carbon atoms.

“Heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic group having a single ring, multiple rings or multiple fused rings, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. As used herein, heteroaryl includes 1 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₁₋₂₀ heteroaryl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ heteroaryl), or 3 to 8 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C₃₋₈ heteroaryl), and 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In certain instances, heteroaryl includes 5-10 membered ring systems, 5-7 membered ring systems, or 5-6 membered ring systems, each independently having 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, e.g., acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, phenazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, quinuclidinyl, isoquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, and triazinyl. Examples of the fused-heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to, benzo[d]thiazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzo[d]imidazolyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, and imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, where the heteroaryl can be bound via either ring of the fused system. Any aromatic ring, having a single or multiple fused rings, containing at least one heteroatom, is considered a heteroaryl regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule (i.e., through any one of the fused rings). Heteroaryl does not encompass or overlap with aryl as defined above.

“Heteroarylalkyl” refers to the group “heteroaryl-alkyl-”.

“Heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The term “heterocyclyl” includes heterocycloalkenyl groups (i.e., the heterocyclyl group having at least one double bond), bridged-heterocyclyl groups, fused-heterocyclyl groups, and spiro-heterocyclyl groups. A heterocyclyl may be a single ring or multiple rings wherein the multiple rings may be fused, bridged, or spiro, and may comprise one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) oxo (═O) or N-oxide (—O⁻) moieties. Any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom is considered a heterocyclyl, regardless of the attachment (i.e., can be bound through a carbon atom or a heteroatom). Further, the term heterocyclyl is intended to encompass any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom, which ring may be fused to an aryl or heteroaryl ring, regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule. As used herein, heterocyclyl has 2 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₂₀ heterocyclyl), 2 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₁₂ heterocyclyl), 2 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₁₀ heterocyclyl), 2 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₂₋₈ heterocyclyl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₁₂ heterocyclyl), 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₈ heterocyclyl), or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C₃₋₆ heterocyclyl); having 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, e.g., azetidinyl, azepinyl, benzodioxolyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxepinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzopyranyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranonyl, dioxolanyl, dihydropyranyl, hydropyranyl, thienyl[1,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, furanonyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, trithianyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiophenyl (i.e., thienyl), thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. The term “heterocyclyl” also includes “spiroheterocyclyl” when there are two positions for substitution on the same carbon atom. Examples of the spiro-heterocyclyl rings include, e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems, such as oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, and 6-oxa-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl. Examples of the fused-heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, indolinyl, and isoindolinyl, where the heterocyclyl can be bound via either ring of the fused system.

“Heterocyclylalkyl” refers to the group “heterocyclyl-alkyl-.”

“Oxime” refers to the group —CR^(y)(═NOH) wherein R^(y) is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

“Sulfonyl” refers to the group —S(O)₂R^(y), where R^(y) is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of sulfonyl are methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, and toluenesulfonyl.

“Sulfinyl” refers to the group —S(O)R^(y), where R^(y) is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein. Examples of sulfinyl are methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, phenylsulfinyl, and toluenesulfinyl.

“Sulfonamido” refers to the groups —SO₂NR^(y)R^(z) and —NRSO₂R^(z), where R^(y) and R^(z) are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.

The terms “optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. Also, the term “optionally substituted” refers to any one or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group may or may not be replaced by a moiety other than hydrogen.

The term “substituted” used herein means any of the above groups (i.e., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and/or heteroalkyl) wherein at least one (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atom is replaced by a bond to a non-hydrogen atom such as, but not limited to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyl, amido, amino, amidino, aryl, aralkyl, azido, carbamoyl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, guanadino, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, —NHNH₂, ═NNH₂, imino, imido, hydroxy, oxo, oxime, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, thiocyanate, —S(O)OH, —S(O)₂OH, sulfonamido, thiol, thioxo, N-oxide, or —Si(R^(y))₃, wherein each R^(y) is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.

In certain embodiments, “substituted” includes any of the above alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl groups in which one or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with deuterium, halo, cyano, nitro, azido, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —NR^(g)R^(h), —NR^(g)C(═O)R^(h), —NR^(g)C(═O)NR^(g)R^(h), —NR^(g)C(═O)OR^(h), —NR^(g)S(═O)₁₂R^(h), —C(═O)R^(g), —C(═O)OR^(g), —OC(═O)OR^(g), —OC(═O)R^(g), —C(═O)NR^(g)R^(h), —OC(═O)NR^(g)R^(h), —OR^(g), —SR^(g), —S(═O)R^(g), —S(═O)₂R^(g), —OS(═O)₁₋₂R^(g), —S(═O)₁₋₂OR^(g), —NR^(g)S(═O)₁₋₂NR^(g)R^(h), ═NSO₂R^(g), ═NOR^(g), —S(═O)₁₋₂NR^(g)R^(h), —SF₅, —SCF₃, or —OCF₃. In certain embodiments, “substituted” also means any of the above groups in which one or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are replaced with —C(═O)R^(g), —C(═O)OR^(g)C(═O)NR^(g)R^(h), —CH₂SO₂R^(g), or —CH₂SO₂NR^(g)R^(h). In the foregoing, R^(g) and R^(h) are the same or different and independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, and/or heteroarylalkyl. In certain embodiments, “substituted” also means any of the above groups in which one or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 3) hydrogen atoms are replaced by a bond to an amino, cyano, hydroxyl, imino, nitro, oxo, thioxo, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, thioalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, and/or heteroarylalkyl, or two of R^(g) and R^(h) and R^(i) are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with oxo, halo, or alkyl optionally substituted with oxo, halo, amino, hydroxyl, or alkoxy.

Polymers or similar indefinite structures arrived at by defining substituents with further substituents appended ad infinitum (e.g., a substituted aryl having a substituted alkyl which is itself substituted with a substituted aryl group, which is further substituted by a substituted heteroalkyl group, etc.) are not intended for inclusion herein. Unless otherwise noted, the maximum number of serial substitutions in compounds described herein is three. For example, serial substitutions of substituted aryl groups with two other substituted aryl groups are limited to ((substituted aryl)substituted aryl) substituted aryl. Similarly, the above definitions are not intended to include impermissible substitution patterns (e.g., methyl substituted with 5 fluorines or heteroaryl groups having two adjacent oxygen ring atoms). Such impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan. When used to modify a chemical group, the term “substituted” may describe other chemical groups defined herein.

In certain embodiments, as used herein, the phrase “one or more” refers to one to five. In certain embodiments, as used herein, the phrase “one or more” refers to one to three.

Any compound or structure given herein, is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. These forms of compounds may also be referred to as “isotopically enriched analogs.” Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted herein, except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as ²H, ³H, C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, ¹²³I, and ¹²⁵I, respectively. Various isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as ³H, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C are incorporated. Such isotopically labelled compounds may be useful in metabolic studies, reaction kinetic studies, detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays or in radioactive treatment of patients.

The term “isotopically enriched analogs” includes “deuterated analogs” of compounds described herein in which one or more hydrogens is/are replaced by deuterium, such as a hydrogen on a carbon atom. Such compounds exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of any compound when administered to a mammal, particularly a human. See, for example, Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism,” Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 5(12):524-527 (1984). Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.

Deuterium labelled or substituted therapeutic compounds of the disclosure may have improved DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics) properties, relating to distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life, reduced dosage requirements, and/or an improvement in therapeutic index. An ¹⁸F, ³H, ¹¹C labeled compound may be useful for PET or SPECT or other imaging studies. Isotopically labeled compounds of this disclosure and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent in a compound described herein.

The concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by an isotopic enrichment factor. In the compounds of this disclosure any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom. Unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”, the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition. Accordingly, in the compounds of this disclosure any atom specifically designated as a deuterium (D) is meant to represent deuterium.

In many cases, the compounds of this disclosure are capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino, and/or carboxyl groups, or groups similar thereto.

Provided are also or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, deuterated analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, and prodrugs of the compounds described herein. “Pharmaceutically acceptable” or “physiologically acceptable” refer to compounds, salts, compositions, dosage forms, and other materials which are useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is suitable for veterinary or human pharmaceutical use.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a given compound refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the given compound and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” or “physiologically acceptable salts” include, for example, salts with inorganic acids, and salts with an organic acid. In addition, if the compounds described herein are obtained as an acid addition salt, the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt. Conversely, if the product is a free base, an addition salt, particularly a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies that may be used to prepare nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from inorganic or organic acids. Salts derived from inorganic acids include, e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Salts derived from organic acids include, e.g., acetic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluene-sulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like. Likewise, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be prepared from inorganic or organic bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, lithium, aluminum, ammonium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, such as alkyl amines (i.e., NH₂(alkyl)), dialkyl amines (i.e., HN(alkyl)₂), trialkyl amines (i.e., N(alkyl)₃), substituted alkyl amines (i.e., NH₂(substituted alkyl)), di(substituted alkyl) amines (i.e., HN(substituted alkyl)₂), tri(substituted alkyl) amines (i.e., N(substituted alkyl)₃), alkenyl amines (i.e., NH₂(alkenyl)), dialkenyl amines (i.e., HN(alkenyl)₂), trialkenyl amines (i.e., N(alkenyl)₃), substituted alkenyl amines (i.e., NH₂(substituted alkenyl)), di(substituted alkenyl) amines (i.e., HN(substituted alkenyl)₂), tri(substituted alkenyl) amines (i.e., N(substituted alkenyl)₃, mono-, di- or tri-cycloalkyl amines (i.e., NH₂(cycloalkyl), HN(cycloalkyl)₂, N(cycloalkyl)₃), mono-, di- or tri-arylamines (i.e., NH₂(aryl), HN(aryl)₂, N(aryl)₃), or mixed amines, etc. Specific examples of suitable amines include, by way of example only, isopropylamine, trimethyl amine, diethyl amine, tri(iso-propyl) amine, tri(n-propyl) amine, ethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, and the like.

The term “hydrate” refers to the complex formed by the combining of a compound described herein and water.

A “solvate” refers to an association or complex of one or more solvent molecules and a compound of the disclosure. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylacetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.

Some of the compounds exist as tautomers. Tautomers are in equilibrium with one another. For example, amide containing compounds may exist in equilibrium with imidic acid tautomers. Regardless of which tautomer is shown and regardless of the nature of the equilibrium among tautomers, the compounds are understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to comprise both amide and imidic acid tautomers. Thus, the amide containing compounds are understood to include their imidic acid tautomers. Likewise, the imidic acid containing compounds are understood to include their amide tautomers.

The compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts include an asymmetric center and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids. The present invention is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (−), (R)- and (S)-, or (D)- and (L)-isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and/or fractional crystallization. Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centres of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers.

A “stereoisomer” refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable. The present invention contemplates various stereoisomers, or mixtures thereof, and includes “enantiomers,” which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.

“Diastereomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other.

Relative centers of the compounds as depicted herein are indicated graphically using the “thick bond” style (bold or parallel lines) and absolute stereochemistry is depicted using wedge bonds (bold or parallel lines).

“Prodrugs” means any compound which releases an active parent drug according to a structure described herein in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject. Prodrugs of a compound described herein are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound described herein in such a way that the modifications may be cleaved in vivo to release the parent compound. Prodrugs may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compounds in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compounds. Prodrugs include compounds described herein wherein a hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, or sulfhydryl group in a compound described herein is bonded to any group that may be cleaved in vivo to regenerate the free hydroxy, amino, or sulfhydryl group, respectively. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to esters (e.g., acetate, formate, and benzoate derivatives), amides, guanidines, carbamates (e.g., N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl) of hydroxy functional groups in compounds described herein, and the like. Preparation, selection, and use of prodrugs is discussed in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,” Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series; “Design of Prodrugs,” ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985; and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

2. Compounds

Provided herein are compounds that are modulators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B. In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or

heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³;

z is 0 or 1;

X¹ is O, NR⁹, or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹⁰;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³;

z is 0 or 1;

X¹ is O, NR⁹, or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring; R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹.

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

each R¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹² is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.

In certain embodiments, when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen. In certain embodiments, when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring. In certain embodiments, when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen or methyl.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹³;

z is 0 or 1;

X¹ is O, NR⁹ or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three R¹²;

each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹² is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

provided that when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen; when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen; and when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹³;

z is 0 and X¹ is a bond;

or z is 1 and X¹ is 0;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen;

R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R;

R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, R;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three R¹²;

each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one to five, or one to four, or one to three, oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

provided that when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen, when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen; and when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula II:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³;

X¹ is O, NR⁹ or a bond;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.

In certain embodiments, when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen. In certain embodiments, when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring. In certain embodiments, when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen, and when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring. In certain embodiments, when L (or ring A) is optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring, the optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl ring is not bound to the pyran via a nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, the compound is not (3R-trans)-N-[6-(3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]-acetamide.

In certain embodiments, L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³;

X¹ is O, NR⁹ or a bond;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R;

R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, C₁₋₆ alkyl or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.

In one embodiment, the compound is not selected from:

-   N-((3R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-6-chloro-4-(isopropylamino)nicotinamide, -   (3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-chloro-4′-(2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-1″,2″-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2″-oxo-N-[(3R,6S)-tetrahydro-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyran-3-yl]-dispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-[3H]indole]-5′-carboxamide, -   1,5-anhydro-2-[[[(3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-chloro-4′-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-3,3-bis(fluoromethyl)-1″,2″-dihydro-2″-oxodispiro[cyclobutane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-[3H]indol]-5′-yl]carbonyl]amino]-2,3,4-trideoxy-6-O-methyl-D-erythro-hexitol, -   1,5-anhydro-2-[[[(3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-chloro-4′-(2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-1″,2″-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2″-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-[3H]indol]-5′-yl]carbonyl]amino]-2,3,4-trideoxy-6-O-methyl-D-erythro-hexitol, -   1,5-anhydro-2-[[[(3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-chloro-4′-(2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-1″,2″-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2″-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-[3H]indol]-5′-yl]carbonyl]amino]-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-6-(methylsulfonyl)-D-erythro-hexitol, -   6-[acetyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,5-anhydro-2-[[[(3′R,4′S,5′R)-6″-chloro-4′-(2-chloro-3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-1″,2″-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2″-oxodispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,3″-[3H]indol]-5′-yl]carbonyl]amino]-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-D-erythro-hexitol, -   N-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-[2-[tetrahydro-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethoxy]-2-quinazolinecarboxamide, -   N-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-[2-[tetrahydro-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-2H-pyran-2-yl]ethoxy]-2-quinazolinecarboxamide,     1,5-anhydro-6-O-(6-cyano-4-quinolinyl)-2,3,4-trideoxy-2-[[(3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-thiazin-6-yl)carbonyl]amino]-D-erythro-hexitol, -   1,5-anhydro-2,3,4-trideoxy-2-[[(3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-thiazin-6-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-O-(2-methoxy-8-quinolinyl)-D-erythro-hexitol,     and -   1,5-anhydro-2,3,4-trideoxy-2-[[(3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-pyrido[3,2-b]-1,4-thiazin-6-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-O-(3-methoxy-5-quinoxalinyl)-D-erythro-hexitol,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IA:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and z are as defined herein, and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IB:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and z are as defined herein, and R²⁷ and R²⁷ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IC:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and z are as defined herein, and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula ID:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, and z are as defined herein, and R²⁷ and R²⁷ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IE:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, and z are as defined herein, ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, n is 0, 1, or 2, and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IF:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, n, and z are as defined herein, ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, n is 0, 1, or 2, and R²⁷ and R²⁷ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IG:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, n, and z are as defined herein, ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, n is 0, 1, or 2, and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IH:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein L, X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, n, and z are as defined herein, ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, n is 0, 1, or 2, and R²⁶ and R²⁷ are each independently halo. In certain embodiments, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments of Formulas IA, IC, IE, and IG, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkoxy. In certain embodiments, one of R²⁴ and R²⁵ is hydrogen and one is methoxy.

In certain embodiments of Formulas IB, ID, IF, and IH, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkoxy. In certain embodiments, one of R²⁶ and R²⁷ is hydrogen and one is methoxy. In certain embodiments of Formulas IE or IG, A is heteroaryl; R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are independently hydrogen, methoxy or halo. In one embodiment, n is 0, A is pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or triazolyl; R² is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl, independently optionally substituted with one or more fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl; and R²⁴ and R²⁵ are independently hydrogen or fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIA:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, and n are as defined herein, and ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring. In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIB:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein X¹, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹³, and n are as defined herein, and ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring.

In certain embodiments, R¹ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, L is heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰.

In certain embodiments, L is a straight heteroalkylene chain having 2 to 4 atoms optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰. In certain embodiments, L is a straight heteroalkylene chain having 2 to 4 atoms.

In certain embodiments, L is a straight chain heteroalkylene having 1 to 3 chain carbon atoms and one chain heteroatom selected from O, NR^(y), and S optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰. In certain embodiments, L is a straight chain heteroalkylene having 1 to 3 chain carbon atoms and one chain heteroatom selected from O, NR^(y), and S. In certain embodiments, L is a straight chain heteroalkylene having 1 to 3 chain carbon atoms and one chain heteroatom selected from O, NR^(y), and S optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl and C₁₋₆ haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, L is a straight chain heteroalkylene having 1 to 3 chain carbon atoms and one chain heteroatom selected from O, NR^(y), and S optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from hydroxy and methyl.

In certain embodiments, L is —CH₂O—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O—, or —CF₂CH₂O—.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring. In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted triazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or isoxazolyl. In certain embodiments, L is triazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or isoxazolyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is triazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or isoxazolyl optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted heterocyclyl ring. In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is an optionally substituted dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine. In certain embodiments, L is dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine optionally substituted with one or more R¹³. In certain embodiments, L is dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine optionally substituted with one to three R¹³.

In certain embodiments, L is optionally substituted with one to three R¹³, where each R¹³ is independently selected from halo, cyano, oxo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy.

In certain embodiments, R² is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to six) halo, oxo, acetyl, amino, hydroxyl or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R² is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R

In certain embodiments, R² is substituted with at least one (e.g., one to three) R

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one to six R

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl substituted with C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy. In certain embodiments, R² is cycloalkyl substituted with trifluoromethoxy. In certain embodiments, R² is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl substituted with (C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy)methyl. In certain embodiments, R² is cycloalkyl substituted with (trifluoromethoxy)methyl. In certain embodiments, R² is 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹ is 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, triazol-2-yl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹¹ is hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ halo alkoxy, halo, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkoxy, phenyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxycycloalkoxy, or halophenoxy.

In certain embodiments, R² is 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclopropyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, phenyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyanocyclopropyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclopropyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, phenyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyanocyclopropyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, or 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is a bond.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is O or NR⁹.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is O.

In certain embodiments, X¹ is NR⁹. In certain embodiments, R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) halo, oxo, acetyl, amino, hydroxyl or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R.

In certain embodiments, R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, 4-15 membered heterocyclyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or 5-15 membered heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, 4-15 membered heterocyclyl, C₆₋₁₀ aryl, or 5-15 membered heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, 4-15 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, or 5-15 membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, 4-15 membered heterocyclyl, aryl, or 5-15 membered heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is cyclobutyl, pyridinyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is cyclobutyl, pyridinyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is optionally substituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, R³ is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In certain embodiments, R³ is phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one to three halo.

In certain embodiments, R³ is phenyl substituted with chloro, fluoro, or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, R³ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R³ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R³ is heteroaryl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In certain embodiments, R³ is heteroaryl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo.

In certain embodiments, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chloroquinolin-2-yl, 6-fluoroisoquinolin-2-yl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 6-fluorochroman-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 5,6-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments, z is 0. In certain embodiments, z is 1.

In certain embodiments, z is 0, X¹ is a bond, and R³ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, z is 0, X¹ is a bond, and R³ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments, R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) halo, oxo, acetyl, amino, or hydroxyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₆ alkoxy. In certain embodiments, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O. In certain embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O.

In certain embodiments, at least two of R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, at least one of R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ is halo. In certain embodiments, at least two of R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are halo. In certain embodiments, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are halo. In certain embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are halo.

In certain embodiments, at least one of R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ is fluoro. In certain embodiments, at least two of R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are fluoro. In certain embodiments, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are fluoro.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃ cycloalkyl ring.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form an ethylene bridge. In certain embodiments, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a methylene bridge.

In certain embodiments of Formulas IIA or IIB, A is pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or triazolyl; R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; and each R¹¹ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹ is hydrogen;

-   -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, R¹ is hydrogen;

-   -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

-   -   R¹ is hydrogen;     -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

-   -   R¹ is hydrogen;     -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring;

-   -   R¹ is hydrogen;     -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring;

-   -   R¹ is hydrogen;     -   R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl,         2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or         3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;     -   R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen;     -   X¹ is O;     -   R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; and     -   R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIIA:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIIB:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IVA:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IVB:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VA:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, m is 0, 1,         or 2, and n is 0, 1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VB:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, m is 0, 1,         or 2, and n is 0, 1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIIC:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIID:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IVC:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IVD:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VC:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, m is 0, 1,         or 2, and n is 0, 1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VD:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, m is 0, 1,         or 2, and n is 0, 1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VIA:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VIB:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VIC:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VID:

-   -   wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0,         1, or 2.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIC, IIID, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R¹ is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC or VID, R¹¹ is (C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy)methyl. In certain embodiments, R¹¹ is (trifluoromethoxy)methyl.

In certain embodiments Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC or VID, R¹¹ is 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, triazol-2-yl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, or cyclopropyl.

In certain embodiments Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC or VID, R¹¹ is hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ halo alkoxy, halo, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkoxy, phenyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ haloalkoxycycloalkoxy, or halophenoxy.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, X¹ is a bond.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, X¹ is O or NR⁹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, X¹ is O.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, X¹ is NR⁹. In certain embodiments, R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) halo, oxo, acetyl, amino, hydroxyl or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments, R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is cyclobutyl, pyridinyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is cyclobutyl, pyridinyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is optionally substituted phenyl. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is phenyl optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is phenyl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one to three halo.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is phenyl substituted with chloro, fluoro, or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is optionally substituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R³ is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three R¹¹.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is heteroaryl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo, cyano, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more halo. In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is heteroaryl independently optionally substituted with one or more halo.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, IIIC, IIID, IVC, IVD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chloroquinolin-2-yl, 6-fluoroisoquinolin-2-yl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 6-fluorochroman-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 5,6-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen.

In certain embodiments of Formula IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., one to three) halo, oxo, acetyl, amino, or hydroxyl.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula VII:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³;

z is 0 or 1;

X¹ is O, NR⁹, or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O;

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl-Z, C₁₋₁₂ alkoxy-Z, C₁₋₁₂ heteroalkyl-Z, —O—Z, each of which is optionally substituted with one to five R^(x);

R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each R¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each Z is independently hydrogen, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to five R^(Y);

each R^(x) is independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, cyano-C₁₋₆ alkyl, oxo, halo, cyano, —OR^(A), —NR^(B)R^(C), —NR^(B)C(O)R^(D), —C(O)NR_(B)R^(c), —C(O)R^(D), —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(D), —SR^(E), —S(O)R^(D), and —S(O)₂R^(D);

each R^(Y) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆ alkoxy, amino-C₁₋₆ alkyl, cyano-C₁₋₆ alkyl, oxo, halo, cyano, —OR^(A), —NR^(B)R^(C), —NR^(B)C(O)R^(D), —C(O)NR_(B)R^(c), —C(O)R^(D), —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(D), —S(R^(F))_(q), —S(O)R^(D), —S(O)₂R^(D), and G¹; or 2 R^(Y) groups on adjacent atoms, together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₁₀ fused cycloalkyl, fused heterocyclyl, aryl, or fused heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to five R^(x);

each G¹ is independently C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each 3 C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three R;

each R^(Z) is independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆ alkyl, hydroxy-C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo, cyano, —OR^(A), —NR^(B)R^(C), —NR^(B)C(O)R^(D), —C(O)NR^(B)R^(C), —C(O)R^(D), —C(O)OH, —C(O)OR^(D), and —S(O)₂R^(D);

each R^(A) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C(O)NR^(B)R^(C), —C(O)R^(D), —C(O)OH, or —C(O)OR^(D);

each of R^(B) and R^(C) is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl; or R^(B) and R^(C) together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one to three R^(z);

each R^(D) is independently C₁₋₆ alkyl or halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl;

each R^(E) is independently hydrogen C₁₋₆ alkyl, or halo-C₁₋₆ alkyl;

each R^(F) is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or halo; and

q is 1, 3, or 5.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

is bonded to the remainder of the molecule in the trans configuration, and the remainder of the molecule including all variables are as defined in the various embodiments of Formula I.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

and the remainder of the molecule including all variables are as defined in the various embodiments of Formula I.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula I, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

and the remainder of the molecule including all variables are as defined in the various embodiments of Formula I.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IID, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVD, VA, VB, VC, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

is optionally substituted with one to four halo.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVD, VA, VB, VC, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

is optionally substituted with one, two or three halo.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVD, VA, VB, VC, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

is optionally substituted with one to four fluoro.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound of Formula IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IVA, IVB, IVC, IVD, VA, VB, VC, VD, VIA, VIB, VIC, or VID, wherein the oxygen-containing ring moiety

is optionally substituted with one, two or three fluoro.

In certain embodiments, ring A is triazole, oxazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, or isoxazole.

In certain embodiments, L or ring A is

In certain embodiments, L or ring A is

In certain embodiments, at least one R¹¹ is halo.

In certain embodiments, at least one R¹¹ is C₁₋₆ haloalkyl.

In certain embodiments, at least one R¹¹ is —OCF₃.

In certain embodiments, at least one R¹¹ is —OCHF₂.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound selected from Table 1:

TABLE 1 Ex. Compound  1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, prodrug, stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

In certain embodiments, provided is a compound selected from Table 2.

TABLE 2 Compound

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, prodrug, stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof.

3. Methods

“Treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results including clinical results. Beneficial or desired clinical results may include one or more of the following: a) inhibiting the disease or condition (e.g., decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease or condition, and/or diminishing the extent of the disease or condition); b) slowing or arresting the development of one or more clinical symptoms associated with the disease or condition (e.g., stabilizing the disease or condition, preventing or delaying the worsening or progression of the disease or condition, and/or preventing or delaying the spread (e.g., metastasis) of the disease or condition); and/or c) relieving the disease, that is, causing the regression of clinical symptoms (e.g., ameliorating the disease state, providing partial or total remission of the disease or condition, enhancing effect of another medication, delaying the progression of the disease, increasing the quality of life, and/or prolonging survival.

“Prevention” or “preventing” means any treatment of a disease or condition that causes the clinical symptoms of the disease or condition not to develop. Compounds may, in some embodiments, be administered to a subject (including a human) who is at risk or has a family history of the disease or condition.

“Subject” refers to an animal, such as a mammal (including a human), that has been or will be the object of treatment, observation or experiment. The methods described herein may be useful in human therapy, and/or veterinary applications. In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof means an amount sufficient to effect treatment when administered to a subject, to provide a therapeutic benefit such as amelioration of symptoms or slowing of disease progression. For example, a therapeutically effective amount may be an amount sufficient to decrease a symptom of a disease or condition of as described herein. The therapeutically effective amount may vary depending on the subject, and disease or condition being treated, the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease or condition, and the manner of administering, which can readily be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The methods described herein may be applied to cell populations in vivo or ex vivo. “In vivo” means within a living individual, as within an animal or human. In this context, the methods described herein may be used therapeutically in an individual. “Ex vivo” means outside of a living individual. Examples of ex vivo cell populations include in vitro cell cultures and biological samples including fluid or tissue samples obtained from individuals. Such samples may be obtained by methods well known in the art. Exemplary biological fluid samples include blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. In this context, the compounds and compositions described herein may be used for a variety of purposes, including therapeutic and experimental purposes. For example, the compounds and compositions described herein may be used ex vivo to determine the optimal schedule and/or dosing of administration of a compound of the present disclosure for a given indication, cell type, individual, and other parameters. Information gleaned from such use may be used for experimental purposes or in the clinic to set protocols for in vivo treatment. Other ex vivo uses for which the compounds and compositions described herein may be suited are described below or will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The selected compounds may be further characterized to examine the safety or tolerance dosage in human or non-human subjects. Such properties may be examined using commonly known methods to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat cellular proliferative disorders, including both cancerous and non-cancerous cellular proliferative disorders. Treatment of cellular proliferative disorders may comprise, but is not limited to, inhibiting cellular proliferation, including rapid proliferation. It is contemplated that the compounds described herein can be used to treat any type of cancer, including, but not limited to, carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias, and germ cell tumors. Exemplary cancers include, but are not limited to, adrenocortical carcinoma, anal cancer, appendix cancer, basal cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, bladder cancer, bone cancer, osteosarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brain cancer (e.g., brain stem glioma, astrocytoma (e.g., cerebellar, cerebral, etc.), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, central nervous system embryonal tumors, malignant glioma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors and/or pineoblastoma, visual pathway and/or hypothalamic glioma, brain and spinal cord tumors, etc.), breast cancer, bronchial tumors, carcinoid tumor (e.g., gastrointestinal, etc.), carcinoma of unknown primary, cervical cancer, chordoma, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, embryonal tumors, cancers of the central nervous system, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, Ewing family of tumors, eye cancer (e.g., intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, etc.), gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal tumor (e.g., carcinoid tumor, stromal tumor (gist), stromal cell tumor, etc.), germ cell tumor (e.g., extracranial, extragonadal, ovarian, etc.), gestational trophoblastic tumor, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, intraocular melanoma, islet cell tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, large cell tumors, laryngeal cancer (e.g., acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloid, etc.), leukemia (e.g., myeloid, acute myeloid, acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic, chronic myelogenous, multiple myelogenous, hairy cell, etc.), lip and/or oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer (e.g., non-small cell, small cell, etc.), lymphoma (e.g., AIDS-related, Burkitt, cutaneous Tcell, Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin, primary central nervous system, cutaneous T-cell, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, etc.), malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and/or osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, metastatic squamous neck cancer, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases (e.g., myeloproliferative disorders, chronic, etc.), nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, oral cancer; oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer; osteosarcoma and/or malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone; ovarian cancer (e.g., ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian germ cell tumor, ovarian low malignant potential tumor, etc.), pancreatic cancer (e.g., islet cell tumors, etc.), papillomatosis, paranasal sinus and/or nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation, pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, pituitary tumor, plasma cell neoplasm/multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, renal cell cancer, transitional cell cancer, respiratory tract carcinoma involving the nut gene on chromosome 15, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma (e.g., Ewing family of tumors, Kaposi, soft tissue, uterine, etc.), Sézary syndrome, skin cancer (e.g., non-melanoma, melanoma, merkel cell, etc.), small intestine cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, squamous neck cancer with occult primary, metastatic, stomach cancer, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma and/or thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal, pelvis and/or ureter (e.g., trophoblastic tumor, unknown primary site carcinoma, urethral cancer, uterine cancer, endometrial, uterine sarcoma, etc.), vaginal cancer, visual pathway and/or hypothalamic glioma, vulvar cancer, Wilms tumor, and the like. Examples of noncancerous cellular proliferative disorders include, but are not limited to, fibroadenoma, adenoma, intraductal papilloma, nipple adenoma, adenosis, fibrocystic disease or changes of breast, plasma cell proliferative disorder (PCPD), restenosis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, myofibromatosis, fibrous hamartoma, granular lymphocyte proliferative disorders, benign hyperplasia of prostate, heavy chain diseases (HCDs), lymphoproliferative disorders, psoriasis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, cirrhosis of the liver, IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, hemangiomas, vascular and non-vascular intraocular proliferative disorders, and the like.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat lung injury and/or lung inflammation.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat cancer, pre-cancerous syndromes and diseases/injuries associated with activated unfolded protein response pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, stroke, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, metabolic disorders, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and related prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, organ fibrosis, chronic and acute diseases of the liver, fatty liver disease, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis, chronic and acute diseases of the lung, lung fibrosis, chronic and acute diseases of the kidney, kidney fibrosis, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), neurodegeneration, dementias, frontotemporal dementias, tauopathies, Pick's disease, Neimann-Pick's disease, amyloidosis, cognitive impairment, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, arrhythmias, in organ transplantation and in the transportation of organs for transplantation.

In embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat or lessen the severity of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Type 1 diabetes, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, or age-related macular degeneration.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat neuropathic pain.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat or lessen the severity of ocular diseases/angiogenesis. In certain embodiments, the ocular disease includes vascular leakage (e.g., edema or neovascularization for any occlusive or inflammatory retinal vascular disease, such as rubeosis irides, neovascular glaucoma, pterygium, vascularized glaucoma filtering blebs, conjunctival papilloma), choroidal neovascularization (e.g., neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), myopia, prior uveitis, trauma, or idiopathic), macular edema (e.g., post surgical macular edema, macular edema secondary to uveitis including retinal and/or choroidal inflammation, macular edema secondary to diabetes, and macular edema secondary to retinovascular occlusive disease (i.e. branch and central retinal vein occlusion)), retinal neovascularization due to diabetes (e.g., retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, ocular ischemic syndrome from carotid artery disease, ophthalmic or retinal artery occlusion, sickle cell retinopathy, other ischemic or occlusive neovascular retinopathies, retinopathy of prematurity, or Eale's Disease), and genetic disorders (e.g., VonHippel-Lindau syndrome). In certain embodiments, the neovascular age-related macular degeneration is wet age-related macular degeneration. In certain embodiments, the neovascular age-related macular degeneration is dry age-related macular degeneration and the patient is characterized as being at increased risk of developing wet age-related macular degeneration.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat viral infections (e.g., to prevent the initiation of viral protein synthesis). Exemplary viruses which can be treated using the compounds disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, picornaviridae (e.g., polioviruses), reoviridae (e.g., rotaviruses), togaviridae (e.g., encephalitis viruses, yellow fever virus, rubella virus, etc.), orthomyxoviridae (e.g., influenza viruses), paramyxoviridae (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, etc.), rhabdoviridae (e.g., rabies virus), coronaviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviridae, filoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, and retroviridae (e.g., human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), etc.), papovaviridae (e.g., papilloma viruses), adenoviridae (e.g., adenovirus), herpesviridae (e.g., herpes simplex viruses), and poxyiridae (e.g., variola viruses). In certain embodiments, the viral infection is caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and/or HIV.

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat disorders associated with viral infections. Such disorders include, but are not limited to neurological symptoms (e.g., encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, paralysis, myelopathy, neuropathy, aseptic meningitis, hemiparesis, dementia, dysphagia, lack of muscular coordination, impaired vision, coma, etc.), wasting symptoms (e.g., inflammatory cell infiltration, perivascular cuffing of blood vessels, demyelination, necrosis, reactive gliosis, etc.), gastroenteritis symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, etc.), hepatitis symptoms (nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, raised liver enzyme levels (e.g., AST, ALT, etc.), jaundice, etc.), hemorrhagic fever symptoms (e.g., headache, fever, chills body pains, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, abnormal behavior, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, red face, red neck, hemorrhage, organ failure, etc.), oncogenic symptoms (e.g., sarcomas, leukemias, and the like, as well as “rare” malignancies, e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplasia, lymphomas, etc.), immunodeficiency symptoms (e.g., opportunistic infections, wasting, rare malignancies, neurological disease, fever, diarrhea, skin rashes, etc.), lesions (e.g., warts (e.g., common wart, flat wart, deep hyperkeratotic palmoplantar wart, superficial mosaic type palmoplantar wart, etc.)), epidermodysplasia, mucosal lesions, ulcers, and systemic symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, bone pain, joint pain, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, nausea, vomiting, increased salivation, rash, macules, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, ulcers, photosensitivity, weight loss, irritability, restlessness, anxiety, coma, death, etc.).

In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein can be used to treat disorders characterized by unwanted synthesis and/or abnormal accumulation of one or more mutant and/or wild-type proteins. It is contemplated that the compounds disclosed herein that can inhibit translation initiation and thus can reduce the load on the protein-folding machinery and, accordingly, may reduce the severity of the disorder. Disorders associated with unwanted synthesis and/or abnormal accumulation of one or more mutant and/or wild-type proteins include, but are not limited to, Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, Fabry disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, congophilic angiopathy, prion related disorders (i.e., transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, kuru, fatal familial insomnia, scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, etc.), and the like.

It is contemplated that the compounds and compositions disclosed herein are capable of inhibiting neuronal cell death, such as in prion disease. Generally, the method includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition as described herein, to a patient in need thereof.

In some embodiments, the disorder is a neurodegenerative disease. The term “neurodegenerative disease” refers to a disease or condition in which the function of a subject's nervous system becomes impaired. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include, e.g., Alexander's disease, Alper's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ataxia telangiectasia, Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease), Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Canavan disease, Cockayne syndrome, Corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, frontotemporal dementia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, Huntington's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Kennedy's disease, Krabbe's disease, kuru, Lewy body dementia, Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), Multiple sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Narcolepsy, Neuroborreliosis, Parkinson's disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pick's disease, Primary lateral sclerosis, Prion diseases, Refsum's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Schilder's disease, Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia, Schizophrenia, Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics), Spinal muscular atrophy, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease, insulin resistance or Tabes dorsalis.

Other embodiments include use of the presently disclosed compounds in therapy. Some embodiments include their use in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease.

In other embodiments, provided are the presently disclosed compounds for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia, or ALS.

In other embodiments, provided is the use of the presently disclosed compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurodegenerative disease.

In other embodiments, provided is the use of the presently disclosed compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia, or ALS.

In other embodiments, provided is the use of the presently disclosed compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer.

In other embodiments, provided is the presently disclosed compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy.

In other embodiments, provided is the presently disclosed compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating a neurodegenerative disease.

In other embodiments, provided is the presently disclosed compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating cancer.

4. Kits

Provided herein are also kits that include a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and suitable packaging. In certain embodiments, a kit further includes instructions for use. In one aspect, a kit includes a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a label and/or instructions for use of the compounds in the treatment of the indications, including the diseases or conditions, described herein.

Provided herein are also articles of manufacture that include a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof in a suitable container. The container may be a vial, jar, ampoule, preloaded syringe, or intravenous bag.

5. Pharmaceutical Compositions and Modes of Administration

Compounds provided herein are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. Thus, provided herein are also pharmaceutical compositions that contain one or more of the compounds described herein a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles selected from carriers, adjuvants, and excipients. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles may include, for example, inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, including sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, and adjuvants. Such compositions are prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mace Publishing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 17th Ed. (1985); and Modern Pharmaceutics, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 3rd Ed. (G. S. Banker & C. T. Rhodes, Eds.).

The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in either single or multiple doses. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered by various methods including, for example, rectal, buccal, intranasal, and transdermal routes. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by intra-arterial injection, intravenously, intraperitoneally, parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, topically, or as an inhalant.

One mode for administration is parenteral, for example, by injection. The forms in which the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be incorporated for administration by injection include, for example, aqueous or oil suspensions, or emulsions, with sesame oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs, mannitol, dextrose, or a sterile aqueous solution, and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.

Oral administration may be another route for administration of the compounds described herein. Administration may be via, for example, capsule or enteric coated tablets. In making the pharmaceutical compositions that include at least one compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, the active ingredient is usually diluted by an excipient and/or enclosed within such a carrier that can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be in the form of a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.

Some examples of suitable excipients include, e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sterile water, syrup, and methyl cellulose. The formulations can additionally include lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.

The compositions that include at least one compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the subject by employing procedures known in the art. Controlled release drug delivery systems for oral administration include osmotic pump systems and dissolutional systems containing polymer-coated reservoirs or drug-polymer matrix formulations. Another formulation for use in the methods disclosed herein employ transdermal delivery devices (“patches”). Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds described herein in controlled amounts. The construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.

For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient may be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof. When referring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, the active ingredient may be dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, and capsules.

The tablets or pills of the compounds described herein may be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action, or to protect from the acid conditions of the stomach. For example, the tablet or pill can include an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer that serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.

Compositions for inhalation or insufflation may include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described herein. In some embodiments, the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect. In other embodiments, compositions in pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a facemask tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices that deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.

6. Dosing

The specific dose level of a compound of the present application for any particular subject will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease in the subject undergoing therapy. For example, a dosage may be expressed as a number of milligrams of a compound described herein per kilogram of the subject's body weight (mg/kg). Dosages of between about 0.1 and 150 mg/kg may be appropriate. In some embodiments, about 0.1 and 100 mg/kg may be appropriate. In other embodiments a dosage of between 0.5 and 60 mg/kg may be appropriate. In some embodiments, a dosage of from about 0.0001 to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day, from about 0.001 to about 50 mg of compound per kg of body weight, or from about 0.01 to about 10 mg of compound per kg of body weight may be appropriate. Normalizing according to the subject's body weight is particularly useful when adjusting dosages between subjects of widely disparate size, such as occurs when using the drug in both children and adult humans or when converting an effective dosage in a non-human subject such as dog to a dosage suitable for a human subject.

7. Synthesis of the Compounds

The compounds may be prepared using the methods disclosed herein and routine modifications thereof, which will be apparent given the disclosure herein and methods well known in the art. Conventional and well-known synthetic methods may be used in addition to the teachings herein. The synthesis of typical compounds described herein may be accomplished as described in the following examples. If available, reagents and starting materials may be purchased commercially, e.g., from Sigma Aldrich or other chemical suppliers.

It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.

Additionally, conventional protecting groups (“PG”) may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in Wuts, P. G. M., Greene, T. W., & Greene, T. W. (2006). Greene's protective groups in organic synthesis. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Interscience, and references cited therein. For example, protecting groups for alcohols, such as hydroxyl, include silyl ethers (including trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), and triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) ethers), which can be removed by acid or fluoride ion, such as NaF, TBAF (tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride), HF-Py, or HF-NEt₃. Other protecting groups for alcohols include acetyl, removed by acid or base, benzoyl, removed by acid or base, benzyl, removed by hydrogenation, methoxyethoxymethyl ether, removed by acid, dimethoxytrityl, removed by acid, methoxymethyl ether, removed by acid, tetrahydropyranyl or tetrahydrofuranyl, removed by acid, and trityl, removed by acid. Examples of protecting groups for amines include carbobenzyloxy, removed by hydrogenolysis p-methoxybenzyl carbonyl, removed by hydrogenolysis, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, removed by concentrated strong acid (such as HCl or CF₃COOH), or by heating to greater than about 80° C., 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, removed by base, such as piperidine, acetyl, removed by treatment with a base, benzoyl, removed by treatment with a base, benzyl, removed by hydrogenolysis, carbamate group, removed by acid and mild heating, p-methoxybenzyl, removed by hydrogenolysis, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, removed by hydrogenolysis, p-methoxyphenyl, removed by ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate, tosyl, removed by concentrated acid (such as HBr or H₂SO₄) and strong reducing agents (sodium in liquid ammonia or sodium naphthalenide), troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate), removed by Zn insertion in the presence of acetic acid, and sulfonamides (Nosyl & Nps), removed by samarium iodide or tributyltin hydride.

Furthermore, the compounds of this disclosure may contain one or more chiral centers. Accordingly, if desired, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the scope of this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers (or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents, and the like.

The starting materials for the following reactions are generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or obvious modifications thereof. For example, many of the starting materials are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wis., USA), Bachem (Torrance, Calif., USA), Emka-Chemce or Sigma (St. Louis, Mo., USA). Others may be prepared by procedures or obvious modifications thereof, described in standard reference texts such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-15 (John Wiley, and Sons, 1991), Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5, and Supplementals (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989) organic Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley, and Sons, 1991), March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, (John Wiley, and Sons, 5th Edition, 2001), and Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations (VCH Publishers Inc., 1989).

General Synthesis

In certain embodiments, provided is a method of preparing a compound of Formula I, comprising coupling a compound of Formula 1:

with a compound of Formula 2:

under conditions suitable to provide a compound of Formula I, wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, and X¹ are as defined herein, LG is leaving group (e.g., —OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or halo).

The following reaction shown in Scheme I illustrates a general method which can be employed for the synthesis of compounds disclosed herein. In Scheme I, z, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, and X¹ are as defined herein, R⁵⁰ is hydrogen or a leaving group, PG is a protecting group, and LG is leaving group (e.g., C₁₋₆ alkoxy or halo).

Referring to Scheme I, compound 1-2 can be prepared by reacting compound 1-1, where R⁵⁰ is —NHNH₂, with a suitable reagent under ring forming-reaction conditions with suitably substituted carboxylicacid, to provide the oxadiazole 1-2.Deprotection of compound 1-2 provides compound 1-3, followed by coupling with a suitably substituted compound of Formula 1-4 to provides compound 1-5. Compound of Formula I where L is triazole can be prepared from compound 1-1 where R⁵⁰ is hydrogen. Deprotecting compound 1-1 and coupling with compound 1-4 under standard amide bond forming reaction conditions provides compound 1-6. The coupling typically employs a suitable reagent, such as a carbodiimide (e.g., N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N′-dicyclopentylcarbodiimide, N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N-t-butyl-N-methylcarbodiimide (BMC), N-t-butyl-N-ethylcarbodiimide (BEC), 1,3-bis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl)carbodiimide (BDDC), etc.), anhydrides (e.g., symmetric, mixed, or cyclic anhydrides), an activated ester (e.g., phenyl activated ester derivatives, p-hydroxamic activated ester, hexafluoroacetone (HFA), etc.), acylazoles (acylimidazoles using CDI, acylbenzotriazoles, etc.), acyl azides, acid halides, phosphonium salts (HOBt, PyBOP, HOAt, etc.), aminium/uronium salts (e.g., tetramethyl aminium salts, bispyrrolidino aminium salts, bispiperidino aminium salts, imidazolium uronium salts, pyrimidinium uronium salts, uronium salts derived from N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-phenylurea, morpholino-based aminium/uronium coupling reagents, antimoniate uronium salts, etc.), an organophosphorus reagent (e.g., phosphinic and phosphoric acid derivatives, such as propylphosphonic anhydride), organosulfur reagents (e.g., sulfonic acid derivatives), a triazine coupling reagent (e.g., 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4 methylmorpholinium chloride, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4 methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate, etc.), pyridinium coupling reagents (e.g., Mukaiyama's reagent, pyridinium tetrafluoroborate coupling reagents, etc.), and the like (see, e.g., El-Faham, et al. Chem. Rev., 2011, 111(11): 6557-6602; Han, et al. Tetrahedron, 2004, 60:2447-2467). Conversion of compound 1-6 to acetylene intermediate 1-7 allows for triazole formation using standard click-chemistry reaction conditions. Triazole 1-8 can be functionalized with an R² moiety under standard coupling reaction conditions to provide compound 1-9.

Also provided is a compound of Formula X:

or a salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, wherein:

R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰;

R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl;

each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²;

each R¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹² is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino;

or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and

or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.

In certain embodiments, R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or halo;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are hydrogen;

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are hydrogen; and

each R¹¹ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl.

In certain embodiments, R² is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl;

R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; and

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are hydrogen.

The following reaction shown in Scheme II illustrates a further general method which can be employed for the synthesis of compounds disclosed herein where L is optionally substituted heteroalkylene. In Scheme II, z, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R¹⁰, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸, R¹⁹, and X¹ are as defined herein, LG is a leaving group, PG is a protecting group, and LG is leaving group (e.g., C₁₋₆ alkoxy or halo).

Referring to Scheme II, compound 1-2 can be prepared by reacting compound 2-1, where LG is a leaving group, or, with R¹⁰, is a portion of a leaving group (e.g., and epoxide), with a suitably substituted compound of Formula 2-2 under suitable reaction conditions, to provide 2-3. Deprotection of compound 2-3, followed by coupling with a suitably substituted compound of Formula 1-4 under standard amide bond forming reaction conditions as described above provides compound 2-4.

Also provided is a compound of Formula XI:

or a salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, wherein each PG¹ and PG² are each independently a protecting group.

In certain embodiments, PG¹ is trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, dimethoxytrityl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or trityl; and PG² is carbobenzyloxy, p-methoxybenzyl carbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, tosyl, troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate), 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (nosyl) or 2-nitrophenylsulfanyl (nps), or together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, forms a N-carbamoyl group.

In certain embodiments, PG¹ is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), and PG² is tert-butyloxycarbonyl.

Appropriate starting materials and reagents (i.e., diamines, esters, and acids) can be purchased or prepared by methods known to one of skill in the art.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are included to demonstrate specific embodiments of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques to function well in the practice of the disclosure, and thus can be considered to constitute specific modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

General Experimental Methods

All solvents used were commercially available and were used without further purification. Reactions were typically run using anhydrous solvents under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen.

NMR Spectroscopy:

¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out using a Bruker Avance III equipped with a BBFO 300 MHz probe operating at 300 MHz or one of the following instruments: a Bruker Avance 400 instrument equipped with probe DUAL 400 MHz S1, a Bruker Avance 400 instrument equipped with probe 6 S1 400 MHz 5 mm ¹H-¹³C ID, a Bruker Avance III 400 instrument with nanobay equipped with probe Broadband BBFO 5 mm direct, a Bruker Mercury Plus 400 NMR spectrometer equipped with a Bruker 400 BBO probe with all operating at 400 MHz. All deuterated solvents contained typically 0.03% to 0.05% v/v tetramethylsilane, which was used as the reference signal (set at δ 0.00 for both ¹H and ¹³C). In certain cases, ¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out using a Bruker Advance 400 instrument operating at 400 MHz using the stated solvent at around room temperature unless otherwise stated. In all cases, NMR data were consistent with the proposed structures. Characteristic chemical shifts (6) are given in parts-per-million using conventional abbreviations for designation of major peaks: e.g. s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; dd, doublet of doublets; dt, doublet of triplets; br, broad; m, multiplet.

Thin Layer Chromatography:

Where thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been used it refers to silica gel TLC using silica gel F254 (Merck) plates, Rf is the distance travelled by the compound divided by the distance travelled by the solvent on a TLC plate. Column chromatography was performed using an automatic flash chromatography system over silica gel cartridges or in the case of reverse phase chromatography over C18 cartridges. Alternatively, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Alugram® (Silica gel 60 F254) from Mancherey-Nagel and UV was typically used to visualize the spots. Additional visualization methods were also employed in some cases. In these cases the TLC plate was developed with iodine (generated by adding approximately 1 g of I₂ to 10 g silica gel and thoroughly mixing), ninhydrin (available commercially from Aldrich), or Magic Stain (generated by thoroughly mixing 25 g (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄.4H₂O, 5 g (NH₄)₂Ce(IV)(NO₃)₆ in 450 mL water and 50 mL concentrated H₂SO₄) to visualize the compound.

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and HPLC Analysis:

HPLC analysis was performed on Shimadzu 20AB HPLC system with a photodiode array detector and Luna-C18(2) 2.0×50 mm, 5 μm column at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with a gradient solvent Mobile phase A (MPA, H₂O+0.037% (v/v) TFA): Mobile phase B (MPB, ACN+0.018% (v/v) TFA) (0.01 min, 10% MPB; 4 min, 80% MPB; 4.9 min, 80% MPB; 4.92 min, 10% MPB; 5.5 min, 10% MPB). LCMS was detected under 220 and 254 nm or used evaporative light scattering (ELSD) detection as well as positive electrospray ionization (MS). Semi-preparative HPLC was performed by either acidic or neutral conditions. Acidic: Luna C18 100×30 mm, 5 m; MPA: HCl/H₂O=0.04%, or formic acid/H₂O=0.2% (v/v); MPB: ACN. Neutral: Waters Xbridge 150×25, 5 m; MPA: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in H₂O; MPB: ACN. Gradient for both conditions: 10% of MPB to 80% of MPB within 12 min at a flow rate of 20 mL/min, then 100% MPB over 2 min, 10% MPB over 2 min, UV detector. SFC analysis was performed on Thar analytical SFC system with a UV/Vis detector and series of chiral columns including AD-3, AS-H, OJ-3, OD-3, AY-3 and IC-3, 4.6×100 mm, 3 μm column at a flow rate of 4 mL/min with a gradient solvent Mobile phase A (MPA, CO₂): Mobile phase B (MPB, MeOH+0.05% (v/v) IPAm) (0.01 min, 10% MPB; 3 min, 40% MPB; 3.5 min, 40% MPB; 3.56-5 min, 10% MPB). SFC preparative was performed on Thar 80 preparative SFC system with a UV/Vis detector and series of chiral preparative columns including AD-H, AS-H, OJ-H, OD-H, AY-H and IC-H, 30×250 mm, 5 μm column at a flow rate of 65 mL/min with a gradient solvent Mobile phase A (MPA, CO₂): Mobile phase B (MPB, MeOH+0.1% (v/v) NH₃H₂) (0.01 min, 10% MPB; 5 min, 40% MPB; 6 min, 40% MPB; 6.1-10 min, 10% MPB). LC-MS data were also collected using an UPLC-MS Acquitym system equipped with PDA detector and coupled to a Waters single quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in alternated positive and negative electrospray ionization mode. The column used was a Cortecs UPLC C18, 1.6 μm, 2.1×50 mm. A linear gradient was applied, starting at 95% A (A: 0.1% formic acid in water) and ending at 95% B (B: 0.1% formic acid in MeCN) over 2.0 min with a total run time of 2.5 min. The column temperature was at 40° C. with the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.

General Procedure A, T3P Coupling:

To a flask containing amine (1 eq), and carboxylic acid (1.5 eq) in DMF (0.1 M) were added either N-methylimidazole, diisopropylethylamine, or triethylamine (3.0-5.0 eq) followed by T3P solution (1-propanephosphonic anhydride solution) (1.5-3.0 eq., 50% in EtOAc). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h, at which point 1M NaOH solution was added followed by EtOAc. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing silica flash chromatography to provide the desired product.

General Procedure B, Hydrazide Formation:

To a suspension of the methyl ester (1 eq) in EtOH (0.25-0.1M) was added hydrazine hydrate (3-5 eq) and the reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt often causing the product to crystallize out of solution. This solid was collected by removal of the supernatant. If the product did not crystallize, the solution was concentrated, and the crude product was sufficiently pure to use in subsequent steps.

General Procedure C, Oxadiazole Formation:

To a solution of hydrazide (1 eq) and carboxylic acid (1.5 eq) in EtOAc (0.1M) was added NEt₃ (5 eq) followed by T3P solution (3 eq). The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. in a sealed vial overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC.

Intermediate 1 tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-formyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (4.0 g, 17.3 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (8.07 g, 19.0 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂ and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ and was filtered. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL), the combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-formyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.58-9.77 (m, 1H), 4.41 (br s, 1H), 4.14-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J=10.79, 2.89 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (br t, J=10.35 Hz, 1H), 2.09-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.98 (br dd, J=13.49, 3.20 Hz, 1H), 1.51-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.33-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.41 (m, 1H).

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-ethynyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-formyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (4.05 g, 17.7 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added 1-diazo-1-dimethoxyphosphoryl-propan-2-one (4.75 g, 24.7 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (7.32 g, 53.0 mmol) at 25° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 h and was diluted with water (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=20:1 to 5:1) to give tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-ethynyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.78 (br s, 1H), 4.38 (br s, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J=11.48, 3.07 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (br d, J=10.42 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (br d, J=4.77 Hz, 1H), 2.44-2.54 (m, 1H), 1.97-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2H-triazol-4-yl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-ethynyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (1.3 g, 5.77 mmol) in DMF (15.0 mL) and MeOH (3.0 mL) at rt was added CuI (55 mg, 0.288 mmol) followed by TMSN₃ (997 mg, 8.66 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 100° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and EtOAc (30 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (3×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=10:1 to 1:1) to provide tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2H-triazol-4-yl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. LC-MS: m/z: 213.1 [M−55]⁺

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-(2H-triazol-4-yl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (1.5 g, 5.59 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at −20° C. was added Cs₂CO₃ (1.82 g, 5.59 mmol) and 3-bromocyclobutanone (833 mg, 5.59 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (40 mL) and EtOAc (25 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (2.28 g, crude).

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-oxocyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (2.28 g, 6.78 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) at −20° C. was added NaBH₄ (513 mg, 13.6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL), stirred for 10 min and the volatile organics removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL), the combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 0:1) to provide tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate.

Intermediate 2 1-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-carboxylic Acid

tert-Butyl N-(4-formyl-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)carbamate (500 mg, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (13 mL) followed by the addition of water (13.1 mL) and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (1.3 g, 3.9 mmol) under N₂. TEMPO (61 mg, 0.39 mmol) was then added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h and then additional (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (1.3 g, 3.9 mmol) was added and the reaction was left to stir overnight. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 1 M NaOH (30 mL) and then filtered and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The aqueous layer was then acidified to pH 1-2 and extracted EtOAc (5×15 mL). These combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the product. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.40-4.38 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 2.23-2.09 (m, 6H), 1.91-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 3 Methyl 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylate

To a solution of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (6.0 g, 32.6 mmol) in THF (48 mL) and MeOH (12 mL) was added dropwise a solution TMSCHN₂ (40.7 mL) at 0° C. under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with AcOH (3 mL), diluted with H₂O (30 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (2×30 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography.

3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide

To a solution of methyl 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylate (4.3 g, 21.7 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) was added NH₂NH₂.H₂O (21.7 g, 434.0 mmol) in one portion at 25° C. under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture cooled and then quenched by the addition of H₂O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.75 (br s, 1H), 4.52-4.64 (m, 1H), 3.92 (br s, 2H), 2.54-2.61 (m, 4H,) 2.42-2.53 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 4 tert-butyl 3-cis-hydroxycyclobutanecarboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 3-oxocyclobutanecarboxylate (70.0 g, 411 mmol) in MeOH (700 mL) was added NaBH₄ (15.6 g, 411 mmol) at −30° C. under N₂ over 2 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at −30° C. for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of ice and aq. sat. NH₄Cl (700 mL) slowly at 0° C. over 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to leave the aqueous phase that was extracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (300 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis-product was provided. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.23-4.04 (m, 1H), 2.79 (br s, 1H), 2.60-2.43 (m, 3H), 2.14-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylate

To a reaction flask equipped with a stir bar and covered with tin foil paper in a water bath were added AgOTf (134.3 g, 523 mmol), Selectfluor (92.6 g, 261 mmol), KF (40.5 g, 697 mmol) and tert-butyl 3-cis-hydroxycyclobutanecarboxylate (30.0 g, 174 mmol) under N₂. EtOAc (1000 mL), 2-fluoropyridine (50.7 g, 523 mmol) and TMSCF₃ (74.3 g, 523 mmol) were then added dropwise successively to reaction flask in a water bath while keeping the inner temperature below 3° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of silica and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with MTBE (800 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with 1 N aq. CuSO₄ (3×300 mL) and the organics were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.60-4.48 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.52-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylate (24.0 g, 100.0 mmol) in DCM (250 mL) was added TFA (77.0 g, 675 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL), washed with H₂O (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.39 (s, 1H), 4.74 (quin, J=7.44 Hz, 1H), 2.76-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.21 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 5 3-cis-(benzyloxy)cycobutanol

A mixture of 3-benzyloxycyclobutanone (100.0 g, 567 mmol) in MeOH (1000 mL) was added NaBH₄ (21.5 g, 567 mmol) at −30° C. under N₂ over 2 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at −30° C. for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of ice and aq. sat. NH₄Cl (600 mL) slowly at 0° C. over 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to leave the aqueous phase that was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis-product. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.32-7.18 (m, 5H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 3.83 (quin, J=7.17 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (quin, J=6.95 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.82 (m, 2H).

tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-(benzyloxy)cyclobutoxy)acetate

To a mixture of 3-cis-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanol (19.7 g, 110 mmol), tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (32.3 g, 165 mmol), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (1.9 g, 5.5 mmol), and water (10 mL) in toluene (400 mL) was added NaOH (66.3 g, 1.6 mol) in water (120 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of ice-water (120 mL) and extracted with MTBE (3×50 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis-product.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.39-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.65 (dtd, J=9.26, 6.28, 6.28, 3.31 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutoxy)acetate

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-(benzyloxy)cyclobutoxy)acetate (27.0 g, 92.4 mmol) in MeOH (350 mL) was added Pd/C (3.0 g, 10% Pd on carbon) under N₂. The reaction mixture was degassed under vacuum, purged with H₂ three times, and stirred under H₂ (50 psi) at 50° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.94-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.67 (quin, J=6.89 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.80 (br d, J=6.39 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetate

To a reaction flask equipped with a stir bar and covered with tin foil paper in a water bath were added AgOTf (57.2 g, 222 mmol), Selectfluor (39.4 g, 111 mmol), KF (17.2 g, 297 mmol), and tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutoxy)acetate (15.0 g, 74.2 mmol) under N₂. And then EtOAc (600 mL), 2-fluoropyridine (21.6 g, 222 mmol) and TMSCF₃ (31.6 g, 222 mmol) were added dropwise sequentially while keeping the inner temperature below 30° C. using a water bath. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of silica and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with MTBE (800 mL) and filtered. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.35-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.81-3.69 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.23 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H).

2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetate (11.5 g, 42.6 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added TFA (30.8 g, 270 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (30 mL), washed with H₂O (3×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.26-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.73-3.70 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.24 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 6 N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (1.6 g, 7.7 mmol) in EtOAc (50 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.47 mL, 25.7 mmol) followed by T3P (2.4 g, 7.7 mmol, 50% in EtOAc). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred 10 min and N,O-dimethylhydoxylamine hydrochloride (500 mg, 5.13 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of sat. NH₄Cl and extracted with EtOAc (3×25 mL) The combined organic layers are dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was sufficiently pure and was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.29 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 3.83 (td, J=7.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.83 (dtd, J=9.8, 6.6, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 2.38-2.32 (m, 2H).

2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetaldehyde

To a cooled solution of N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetamide (100 mg, 0.39 mmol) in THF (3.9 mL) at −78° C. was added diisobutylalumninum hydride (0.78 mL, 0.78 mmol, 1 M in hexane). The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of anhydrous EtOAc (1.0 mL) and sat. aq. NH₄Cl (3 mL) and then removed from the cooling bath and allowed to stir for 15 min. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with Et₂O (3×15 mL). The combined organics were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude aldehyde was used immediately and without further purification.

Intermediate 7 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]ethanol

To solution of 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (300 mg, 1.4 mmol) in THF (3.5 mL) at 0° C. degrees was added BH₃ (14.0 mL, 14.0 mmol, 1 M in THF). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. degrees for 30 min and then at 23° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of 1 N aq. NaOH (12 mL). After stirring for an additional 30 min, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was then separated and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were then dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude colourless oil was then used in the next transformation without further purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.33 (quintet, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (td, J=13.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.82 (dtd, J=12.9, 6.4, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 2.29-2.22 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 8 Ethyl 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a solution of AgOTf (11.23 g, 43.70 mmol) in EtOAc (80 mL) at rt was added 1-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; ditetrafluoroborate (7.74 g, 21.85 mmol), KF (3.39 g, 58.27 mmol) and ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (2.1 g, 14.57 mmol). 2-fluoropyridine (4.24 g, 43.70 mmol) and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (6.21 g, 43.70 mmol) were added to this mixture and the resulting suspension was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=100:1 to 5:1) to provide ethyl 2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (cis:trans=1:3).

2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid

To a solution of ethyl 2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (0.86 g, 4.05 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H₂O (10 mL) at 0° C. was added LiOH.H₂O (510 mg, 12.16 mmol) and the mixture was warmed to rt and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) and MTBE (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with MTBE (3×10 mL). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH=1-2 by addition of 2N HCl and was further extracted with DCM:MeOH (6×10 mL, v:v=10:1). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (cis:trans=1:5). The crude product was used for the next step without further purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.31-3.78 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.68 (dt, J=8.54, 4.44 Hz, 1H), 1.34-1.42 (m, 1H), 0.98-1.08 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 9 tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,4R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (7.5 g, 20.7 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) at 0° C. was added DMP (13.2 g, 31.1 mmol) portionwise, and the mixture was warmed to 25° C. and was stirred for 4 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=20:1 to 5:1) to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 5.41 (br s, 1H), 4.59 (br dd, J=7.6, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.62 (m, 3H), 3.19 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.68-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.91-0.86 (m, 9H), 0.08 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 6H).

tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (5.2 g, 14.5 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added TBAF (22 mL, 1 M in THF), and the mixture was stirred for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=3:1 to 1:3) to give the desired compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 5.57-5.22 (m, 1H), 4.74-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.27 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.39 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.42 (m, 9H).

(2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (1.5 g, 6.12 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) and H₂O (20 mL) was added [acetoxy(phenyl)-iodanyl] acetate (4.9 g, 15.29 mmol) and TEMPO (481 mg, 3.06 mmol), and the mixture was warmed to 25° C. and was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with sat. Na₂S₂O₃ (20 mL), and was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent. The residue was adjusted to pH=13 with K₂CO₃ solid, and the mixture was extracted with MTBE (2×20 mL). The combined organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, was filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 258.2 [M−H]⁻.

(2S,5S)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of (2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (700 mg, 2.70 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (373 mg, 2.70 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0° C. was added MeI (460 mg, 3.24 mmol) dropwise, and the mixture was warmed to 25° C. and was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 3:1) to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 5.44-5.30 (m, 1H), 4.75-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.52-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.23 (dd, J=3.2, 12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.28 (t, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.84-2.73 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

(2S,5S)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4,4-difluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a solution of (2S,5S)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate (500 mg, 1.83 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added DAST (590 mg, 3.66 mmol) dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 2 h while warming to rt. The reaction mixture was poured onto sat. NaHCO₃ (30 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtAOc=10:1 to 3:1) to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.70-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.18-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.39 (s, 9H).

(2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4,4-difluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (2S,5S)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate (350 mg, 1.19 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) and H₂O (1 mL) was added LiOH.H₂O (199 mg, 4.74 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 16 h at 2° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water (10 mL) and extracted with MTBE (10 mL). The aqueous phase was then adjusted to pH=3 with aq. HCl (1 M) and extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.75 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.42-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

Additional Intermediates

The following intermediates were prepared generally following the procedures disclosed herein using the appropriate starting materials.

Example 1: 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (1) tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

(2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.41 mmol), 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (121 mg, 0.61 mmol) and NEt₃ (0.28 mL, 2.0 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.0 mL) and T3P solution (0.36 mL, 1.22 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS m/z: =352.0 [M-t-Bu+H]⁺.

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine TFA Salt

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂C2 (1 mL) and TFA (0.5 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h, and was concentrated. The crude reaction mixture was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 4.19-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.05-0.86 (m, 1H).

2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (30 mg, 0.10 mmol), 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (24 mg, 0.12 mmol), and NEt₃ (40 μL, 0.29 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (1 mL) and T3P solution (37 mg, 0.12 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight in a sealed vial. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product. LC-MS: m/z: 494.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.36 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (dd, J=10.3, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (ddd, J=8.9, 2.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.46-6.41 (m, 1H), 4.77-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.24-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.68 (m, 4H), 2.32-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 1H).

Example 2: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (2) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (12 mg, 0.04 mmol), 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (8.7 mg, 0.05 mmol), and NEt₃ (20 μL, 0.12 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (0.4 mL) and T3P solution (15 mg, 0.05 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight in a sealed vial. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product. LC-MS: m/z: 476.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.34-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.48-6.46 (m, 1H), 4.77-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.69 (m, 4H), 2.29 (tdd, J=8.5, 4.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 2.23-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.64 (m, 1H).

Example 3: 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[(cis)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (3) Method A: 2-[(cis)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[(cis)-3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (40 mg, 0.13 mmol), 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (33 mg, 0.16 mmol), and NEt₃ (50 μL, 0.39 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (1.0 mL) and T3P solution (50 mg, 0.16 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product.

Method B: Tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (1.0 g, 5.05 mmol) and (2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid (1.24 g, 5.05 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL) at rt were added T3P solution (12.85 g, 20.19 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and TEA (2.04 g, 20.19 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h and was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ to pH=7-8. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL), The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=100:1 to 0:1) to provide tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =410.1 [M+1−56]⁺.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) at rt was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (304 mg, 2.35 mmol) and p-TsCl (224 mg, 1.18 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=7-8 by addition of sat. NaHCO₃. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, PE:EtOAc=1:1) to provide tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =352.1 [M+1−56]⁺.

(3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.245 mmol) was dissolved in HCl solution in EtOAc (4M, 10 mL) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt. LC-MS m/z: =308.1 [M+H]⁺.

2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

To a mixture of 2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetic acid (75 mg, 0.349 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) at rt was added HATU (133 mg, 0.349 mmol), DIEA (139 mg, 1.08 mmol) and (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous later was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a residue which was purified by prep-HPLC to provide 2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. LC-MS m/z: =504.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.38 (br d, J=7.78 Hz, 1H), 4.62-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.34 (quin, J=7.18 Hz, 1H), 4.06-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.73 (quin, J=6.90 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.36 (m, 5H), 1.60-1.76 (m, 1H).

Example 4: (1R,2R)—N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (4) (1R,2R)—N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (15 mg, 0.05 mmol), (1R,2R)-2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (11 mg, 0.06 mmol), and NEt₃ (20 μL, 0.15 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (0.2 mL) and T3P solution (19 mg, 0.06 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product. LC-MS: m/z: 474.5 [M+H]⁺.

Examples 5-8

The following compounds can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

Ex. Compound 5

6

7

8

Example 9: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (9) (3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methanol

To a solution of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (500 mg, 2.72 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH₄ (206 mg, 5.43 mmol) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (0.4 mL) at 0° C., then 15% NaOH (0.4 mL), then H₂O (0.4 mL) and then stirred at 15° C. for 30 min. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methanol. The crude product was used into the next step without further purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.57 (quin, J=7.44 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (d, J=5.51 Hz, 2H), 2.40-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.96-2.16 (m, 3H).

(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methyl Methanesulfonate

To a solution of (3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methanol (120 mg, 0.71 mmol) and NEt₃ (143 mg, 1.41 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added MsCl (97 mg, 0.85 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂ and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methyl methanesulfonate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.58 (quin, J=7.44 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=5.95 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.49-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.16 (m, 2H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (200 mg, 0.86 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added NaH (69 mg, 1.73 mmol, 60% by wt.) and NaI (130 mg, 0.86 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 30 min, and then (3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methyl methanesulfonate (172 mg, 0.69 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (10 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O (3×5 mL), brine (3 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=20:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.47-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.22 (d, J=5.95 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (br dd, J=10.80, 2.43 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J=16.98 Hz, 2H), 3.30-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.47 (dt, J=11.69, 7.28 Hz, 2H), 2.07-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.91-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.71 (br d, J=13.89 Hz, 1H), 1.42-1.48 (m, 9H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 2H).

(3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine-HCl

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) in EtOAc (1 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 5 mL). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt. The crude product was used into the next step without further purification. LCMS: m/z: 284.2 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (28 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (57 mg, 0.15 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, and then (3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (40 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (60 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O (3×5 mL), brine (5 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)methoxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.25-7.32 (m, 2H), 6.94-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.55-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.87-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.55 (m, 5H), 3.14-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.51 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 452.3 [M+H]⁺, 454.3 [M+2+H]⁺.

Examples 10-13

The following compounds can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

Ex. Compound 10

11

12

13

Example 14: 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]acetamide (14)

4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (75 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (72 mg, 0.34 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.16 mL, 1.13 mmol) were suspended in EtOAc (2.3 mL) and T3P (0.40 mL, 0.68 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: 530.6 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.72 (quintet, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (quintet, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (s, 2H), 3.78 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dt, J=13.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (qtd, J=11.0, 5.5, 2.7 Hz, 4H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.19 (m, 4H), 2.07 (td, J=11.6, 4.6 Hz, 2H) (mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis configuration).

Examples 15-16

The following compounds can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

Ex. Compound 15

16

Example 17: 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (17) tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a foil-wrapped mixture of AgOTf (1.48 g, 5.76 mmol), Select-Fluor (1.02 g, 2.88 mmol) and KF (446 mg, 7.68 mmol) in EtOAc (60 mL) at 15° C. was added tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (650 mg, 1.92 mmol). To this mixture 2-fluoropyridine (559 mg, 5.76 mmol) and TMSCF₃ (819 mg, 5.76 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=10:1 to 0:1) to provide tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate.

(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL) at 15° C. was added HCl in EtOAc (4 M, 15 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt.

2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (116 mg, 0.55 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 15° C. was added HATU (207 mg, 0.545 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. To this was added (3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (170 mg, 0.496 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (192 mg, 1.49 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2.5 h and water (10 mL) was added with EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×8 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified using prep-HPLC (TFA) to provide 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide. LC-MS: m/z: 503.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 6.29 (br d, J=8.16 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (quin, J=8.25 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.65 (m, 2H), 4.34 (quin, J=7.15 Hz, 1H), 4.08-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.72 (quin, J=6.90 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (t, J=10.29 Hz, 1H), 2.95-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.83 (dtd, J=9.85, 6.59, 6.59, 3.20 Hz, 2H), 2.18-2.34 (m, 3H), 2.08-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.64 (m, 1H).

Example 18: 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (18) tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a foil-wrapped mixture of AgOTf (683 mg, 2.66 mmol), Select-Fluor (471 mg, 1.33 mmol) and KF (206 mg, 3.55 mmol) in EtOAc (30 mL) at 15° C. was added tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-(3-cis-hydroxycyclobutyl)triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (300 mg, 0.887 mmol). To this mixture, 2-fluoropyridine (258 mg, 2.66 mmol) and TMSCF₃ (378 mg, 2.66 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 0:1) to provide tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate.

(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (230 mg, 0.566 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL) at 15° C. was added HCl in EtOAc (4 M, 17.7 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h and was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide (3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt.

2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

To a solution of 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetic acid (206 mg, 0.963 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at rt was added HATU (366 mg, 0.963 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. To this mixture (3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (300 mg, 0.875 mmol) and DIEA (339 mg, 2.63 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×8 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (TFA) to provide 2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[1-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]triazol-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide. LC-MS: m/z: 503.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 6.28 (br d, J=8.41 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.57-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.34 (quin, J=7.12 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.03-4.13 (m, 1H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.72 (quin, J=6.93 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (t, J=10.48 Hz, 1H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.16-2.35 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.69 (m, 1H).

Example 19: N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetamide (19) tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of 4-chloro-3-fluoro-benzohydrazide (238 mg, 1.26 mmol) and (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (310 mg, 1.26 mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) at 25° C. was added T3P solution (3.22 g, 5.06 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and NEt₃ (512 mg, 5.06 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 14 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ (8 mL) at 0° C., and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL), the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (4 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

A solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (670 mg, 1.61 mmol), and NEt₃ (652 mg, 6.44 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) at rt was added with p-TsCl (614 mg, 3.22 mmol), and the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 14 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, filtered through a pad of silica gel, and washed with EtOAc (40 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=100:1 to 0:1) to provide tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate.

(3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

A solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (0.21 g, 527.87 μmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) was treated with HCl in EtOAc (4 M, 1.32 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was warmed to 25° C., was stirred for 3 h and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate HCl salt was obtained and was used directly.

N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy]acetamide

To a solution of 2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetic acid (77 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added HATU (137 mg, 0.36 mol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate HCl salt (0.1 g, 299.25 μmol) and DIEA (143 mg, 1.11 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 14 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (8 mL) and EtOAc (5 mL) at 0° C., and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with H₂O (3×3 mL) and brine (3×3 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (TFA) to provide N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.80-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.57 (t, J=7.78 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (br d, J=7.28 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (dd, J=9.22, 3.45 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (quin, J=7.03 Hz, 1H), 4.11-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.75 (quin, J=6.84 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (br t, J=11.42 Hz, 1H), 2.79-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.35 (m, 5H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 1H). LC-MS m/z: =494.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 20: 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (20)

To a mixture of 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid (59 mg, 0.349 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) at rt was added HATU (133 mg, 0.349 mmol). After 20 min, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (139 mg, 1.08 mmol) and (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide a residue which was purified by prep-HPLC to provide 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. LC-MS m/z: =460.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.97-7.08 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.49 (br d, J=7.78 Hz, 1H), 4.65-4.83 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.88 (dtd, J=9.77, 7.29, 7.29, 2.89 Hz, 2H), 2.62-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.36 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.75 (m, 1H).

Example 21: 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]acetamide (21)

4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (45 mg, 0.14 mmol), 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (41 mg, 0.20 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.09 mL, 0.68 mmol) were suspended in EtOAc (1.4 mL) and T3P (0.24 mL, 0.41 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: 520.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.36 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=10.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (ddd, J=8.9, 2.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.72 (quintet, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 3.35 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.09 (td, J=11.6, 4.5 Hz, 2H) (mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis configuration).

Example 22: 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-[1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]acetamide (22)

4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (50 mg, 0.15 mmol), 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (38 mg, 0.23 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.10 mL, 0.75 mmol) were suspended in EtOAc (1.5 mL) and T3P (0.27 mL, 0.45 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: 486.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.08-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.72 (quintet, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.35 (m, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.87 (tddd, J=11.4, 6.5, 5.2, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.09 (td, J=11.5, 4.4 Hz, 2H) (mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis configuration).

Example 23: Methyl (2S,5R)-5-[[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate (23) Methyl (2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate

To a slurry of (2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid (245 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DCM (4.0 mL) and was added (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol). Nitrogen evolution occurred and the yellow reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the crude product was used directly.

Methyl (2S,5R)-5-aminotetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate; TFA Salt

To a slurry of methyl (2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate (259 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (570 mg, 5.0 mmol). CO₂ evolution occurred and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the resulting solid was used directly.

Methyl (2S,5R)-5-[[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (89.6 mg, 0.48 mmol), methyl (2S,5R)-5-aminotetrahydropyran-2-carboxylate TFA salt (109 mg, 0.40 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.28 mL, 2.0 mmol) were dissolved in Ethyl acetate (2.0 mL) and T3P solution (153 mg, 0.48 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.42 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.21 (ddd, J=11.1, 4.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.08 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.28 (dd, J=11.1, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 2.17-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.54 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 328.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 24: 2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (24)

To a solution of 2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)acetic acid (301 mg, 1.60 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added HATU (608 mg, 1.60 mmol) at 15° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred for 30 min, then tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate HCl salt (500 mg, 1.45 mmol) and DIEA (564 mg, 4.36 mmol) was added under N₂. The mixture was stirred for 15 h. The mixture was added with water (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=10:1 to 0:1) to give 2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.13 (q, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (ddd, J=3.1, 6.4, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.61 (m, 1H), 6.42 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.78-4.66 (m, 2H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.25-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 478.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 25: 2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-[1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]acetamide (25)

4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (50 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)acetic acid (42 mg, 0.23 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.10 mL, 0.75 mmol) were suspended in EtOAc (1.5 mL) and T3P (0.27 mL, 0.45 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: =504.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.79 (ddd, J=11.4, 6.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (dtd, J=9.1, 3.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.72 (quintet, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 3.35 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.09 (td, J=11.6, 4.6 Hz, 2H).

Example 26: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[1-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl]acetamide (26)

4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (50 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (42 mg, 0.23 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.10 mL, 0.75 mmol) were suspended in EtOAc (1.5 mL) and T3P (0.27 mL, 0.45 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: =502.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.33-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.72 (quintet, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 3.35 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.09 (td, J=11.6, 4.6 Hz, 2H).

Example 27: 2-phenoxy-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (27)

To a mixture of 2-phenoxyacetic acid (44 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added HATU (109 mg, 0.29 mmol) at 15° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 30 min, then (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (90 mg, 0.26 mmol) and DIEA (135 mg, 1.05 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h, and was diluted with water (20 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (3×8 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral) to give 2-phenoxy-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.05 (t, J=7.40 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=7.91 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (br d, J=7.91 Hz, 1H), 4.64-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.44-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.07-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.75 (m, 1H). LC-MS m/z: =442.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 28

The following compound can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z Ex. Compound Name [M + H]⁺ 28

2-(4-methylphenoxy)-N- [(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis- (trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]tetrahydropyran-3- yl]acetamide 456.3

Example 29: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (2) (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (90 mg, 0.22 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL) was added HCl (5 mL, 4M in EtOAc) at 20° C., then the reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound that was used directly.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide

To a solution of (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (70 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (38 mg, 0.20 mmol), HATU (77 mg, 0.20 mmol) and DIEA (26 mg, 0.20 mmol) at 20° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of water (5 mL) at 0° C., and extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product. LC-MS: m/z: 476.3 [M+H]. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.30 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (br d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.66 (m, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.25-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.23 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.62 (m, 1H).

Example 30

The following compound can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z Ex. Compound Name [M + H]⁺ 30

2-(4-chloro-3- fluorophenoxy)-N- ((3R,6S)-6-(5- ((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3- yl)acetamide 454.3

Example 31:2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (31)

To a mixture of 2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (29.3 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (59 mg, 0.16 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 30 min, then (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (40 mg, 0.13 mmol) and DIEA (67 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added to the solution at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 12 h and was concentrated to dryness. The crude reaction mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral) to give 2-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 7.18 (dd, J=10.67, 2.38 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dt, J=8.75, 1.96 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (t, J=8.78 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (br d, J=7.40 Hz, 1H), 4.71-4.76 (m, 1H), 4.70 (d, J=3.39 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.20 (br d, J=2.76 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.37-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.89 (dtd, J=9.88, 7.36, 7.36, 2.76 Hz, 2H), 2.67-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.24 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.76 (m, 1H). LC-MS m/z: 494.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 32: 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)acetamide (32) tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1 g, 4.36 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added TBSCl (0.59 mL, 4.80 mmol) and imidazole (594 mg, 8.72 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h. The mixture was poured into H₂O (30 mL), the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate.

tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate

To a solution of CH₂12 (4.68 g, 17.47 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added ZnEt₂ (1 M, 17.47 mL). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min, and then tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.5 g, 4.37 mmol) was added to above mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 3 hand was diluted with sat. NH₄Cl (20 mL) and then diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate, which was used directly.

tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate (1.3 g, 3.64 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TBAF (1M, 7.27 mL). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=3:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate.

(2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate (220 mg, 0.90 mmol) in DCM (3 mL), CH₃CN (3 mL) and H₂O (4.5 mL) was added NaIO₄ (580 mg, 2.71 mmol) followed by RuCl₃.H₂O (4.08 mg, 0.018 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h and then was diluted with Na₂S₂O₄ until the color turned to light yellow. The pH was adjusted to pH 4-5 by addition of 1 N HCl and the mixture was filtered. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL), the combined organic phase were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid. LC-MS m/z: =202.2 [M−55]⁻.

tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate

To a solution of (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (130 mg, 0.51 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (80 mg, 0.40 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added T3P (0.60 mL, 1.01 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and NEt₃ (0.28 mL, 2.02 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3 h, was poured into sat. NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (2×3 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =382.1 [M−55]⁻

tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate (150 mg, 0.34 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added p-TsCl (164 mg, 0.86 mmol), DIEA (0.30 mL, 1.71 mmol) and molecular sieves (500 mg) at 25° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 h under N₂. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL), was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL), the organic phase were washed with brine (5 mL), dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=100:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =420.2 [M+H]⁺

(2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-amine

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate (35 mg, 0.08 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (5 mL) at 20° C., and the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture were concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-amine.

2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)acetamide

To a mixture of (2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-amine (28 mg, 0.88 mmol) and 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid (16.4 mg, 0.96 mmol) in EtOAc (2 mL) was added T3P (0.21 mL, 0.35 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and NEt₃ (0.05 mL, 0.35 mmol) at 25° C., and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ice-water (10 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral) to give 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((2S,5R)-2-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.07-6.98 (m, 4H), 5.03 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.48-4.43 (m, 1H), 3.64 (dd, J=5.6, 12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.56-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.63 (br s, 2H), 1.81-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.65 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.88 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.81 (m, 1H). LC-MS m/z: =472.4 [M+H]⁺.

Example 33: 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (33) tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (1.0 g, 2.77 mmol) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was added Ag₂O (1.92 g, 8.30 mmol) and MeI (3.93 g, 27.66 mmol) at 20° C. under N₂ and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-methoxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-methoxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. The crude product was used into the next step without further purification.

tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate and tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 2.66 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TBAF (1M, 5.33 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.93 (br d, J=7.40 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.71 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.44 (t, J=10.23 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.64 (m, 1H) 1.46 (s, 9H).

(2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (0.43 g, 1.65 mmol) in DCM (4 mL), CH₃CN (4 mL) and H₂O (9 mL) was added NaIO₄ (1.06 g, 4.94 mmol) followed by RuCl₃.H₂O (7 mg, 0.032 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with aq. Na₂S₂O₃ (10 mL) at 0° C., and then adjusted to pH 3-4 with 1N HCl at 0° C. EtOAc (10 mL) was added, the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 12.69 (br s, 1H), 6.43 (br d, J=7.28 Hz, 1H), 3.99-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.63 (br t, J=12.23 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of (2S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (250 mg, 0.91 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (180 mg, 0.91 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added NEt₃ (368 mg, 3.63 mmol) and T3P (2.31 g, 3.63 mmol, 2.16 mL, 50% in EtOAc) at 15° C. under N₂ and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 400 mg of crude product, which was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, PE:EtOAc=0:1) to give tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 4.70 (quin, J=7.47 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (dd, J=11.80, 2.26 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.66 (br s, 1H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.50 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H). LC-MS: m/z: 400.2 [M+H−56]⁺.

tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (110 mg, 0.24 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added TsCl (161 mg, 0.85 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (219 mg, 1.69 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with aqueous NaHCO₃ (10 mL) at 0° C., and then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.96 (br d, J=7.91 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (br d, J=9.91 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (quin, J=7.50 Hz, 1H), 3.84-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.73 (br s, 1H), 3.57-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.46 (br d, J=13.18 Hz, 1H), 2.21-2.37 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H). LC-MS: m/z: 382.1 [M+H−56]⁺

(3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 10 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt. The crude product was used into the next step without further purification.

2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid (33 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (73 mg, 0.19 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, and then (3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (83 mg, 642.13 μmol) were added at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (1 mL) at 0° C., and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral) to provide 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3S,6S)-4-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.02-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.95 (dd, J=11.29, 2.38 Hz, 1H), 4.86-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.55 (d, J=1.63 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (ddd, J=10.73, 5.14, 3.20 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 2.89 (dtd, J=9.76, 7.33, 7.33, 2.82 Hz, 2H), 2.54-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.11 (ddd, J=14.21, 11.58, 2.32 Hz, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 490.3 [M+H]⁺

Example 34

The following compound can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z Ex. Compound Name [M + H]⁺ 34

2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-[1- [5-[3-cis- (trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2- oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4- yl]acetamide 504.3

Example 35: N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetamide (35) tert-butyl N-[(2S,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl]carbamate

To a solution tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]carbamate (15.0 g, 43.7 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added m-CPBA (15.1 g, 74.2 mmol, 85%) in portions at 0° C. The mixture was warmed to 15° C. and was stirred for 16 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with DCM (2×50 mL). The filtrate was stirred with sat. Na₂SO₃ (200 mL) for 30 min. The organic phase was separated, and was washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (2×100 mL), brine (2×100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl N-[(2S,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl]carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.70 (br d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.64 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.41 (br s, 1H), 3.05 (brt, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 6H).

tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of LiAlH₄ (2.53 g, 66.8 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) was added a solution of tert-butyl N-[(2S,5R)-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-yl]carbamate (16 g, 44.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) dropwise at −20° C. under N₂. The mixture was warmed to 15° C. and was stirred for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and slowly diluted with water (2.5 mL), aqueous NaOH (2.5 mL, 15% w/w) and water (7.5 mL). The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1 to 1:1) to give a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.89 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (br s, 1H), 3.81-3.64 (m, 4H), 3.54 (dd, J=5.2, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.52-3.46 (m, 1H), 1.82 (dd, J=2.8, 5.56 Hz, 1H), 1.73-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 6H).

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (3.0 g, 8.30 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (50 mL) was added DMP (5.28 g, 12.5 mmol) in portions at 0° C. under N₂ and the mixture was warmed to 15° C. and was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with DCM (2×10 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1) to give a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =382.2 [M+Na]⁺

tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5,5-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (2.7 g, 7.51 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (30 mL) was added DAST (2.42 g, 15.0 mmol, 1.98 mL) dropwise at −78° C. under N₂ and the mixture was warmed to 15° C. and was stirred for 5 h. The mixture was poured onto sat. NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and was stirred for 10 min. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=10:1) to give a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5,5-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =326.2 [M-t-Bu+H]⁺

tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-5,5-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate and tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-6-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (1.2 g, 3.15 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TBAF (9.44 mL, 1M in THF) in one portion and the mixture was stirred for 16 h at 15° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column (PE:EtOAc=20:1 to 6:1) to give tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.69 (br d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.23 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.18 (m, 3H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

(2S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (400 mg, 1.50 mmol) in DCM (5 mL), MeCN (5 mL) and H₂O (10 mL) at 0° C. was added RuCl₃.H₂O (7 mg, 0.03 mmol) and NaIO₄ (960 mg, 4.49 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was warmed to 15° C. and was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with sat. Na₂SO₃ (20 mL) and the aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 3 with aqueous HCl (1 N). The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×10 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.75 (br d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.42-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[[[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl]amino]carbamoyl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a solution of (2S,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4,4-difluoro-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid (320 mg, 1.14 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (248 mg, 1.25 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added T3P (1.45 g, 2.28 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and DIEA (441 mg, 3.41 mmol) in one portion and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at 15° C. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organics were washed with aq. HCl (10 mL, 1 N), sat.NaHCO₃ (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM:MeOH=10:1) to give tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[[[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl]amino]carbamoyl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =406.2 [M-t-Bu+H]⁺

tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[[[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl]amino]carbamoyl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (392 mg, 3.03 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added TsCl (107 mg, 1.52 mmol) in one portion and the mixture was heated to 80° C. for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to 15° C. and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with aq. HCl (10 mL, 2 N), sat. NaHCO₃ (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (PE:EtOAc=2:1) to give tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate. LC-MS m/z: =388.1 [M-t-Bu+H]+

(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine

A solution of tert-butyl N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in HCl/EtOAc (5 mL) was stirred for 2 h at 15° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine.

N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetamide

To a mixture of (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (42 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid (19 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (2.0 mL) was added HATU (63 mg, 0.17 mmol) and DIEA (43 mg, 0.33 mmol) in one portion and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at 15° C. The mixture was diluted with water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×3 mL). The combined organics were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.10-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.77 (br d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (br d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.57 (m, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 4.28-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.53 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.47 (m, 4H). LC-MS m/z: =496.4 [M+H]⁺.

Example 36: 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,5S,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (36) tert-butyl ((2R,5S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (10.0 g, 29.1 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (100 mL) was added m-CPBA (10.05 g, 49.5 mmol, 85%) in portions at 0° C. and the mixture was heated to 30° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filter cake was washed with DCM (100 mL). The filtrate was diluted with sat. Na₂SO₃ (200 mL) and was stirred for 0.5 h. The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (200 mL), and brine (200 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl ((2R,5S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.77-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.67 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.02 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.07 (s, 6H). LC-MS: m/z: 304.2 [M−55]⁺

tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((2R,5S)-2-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl)carbamate (9.0 g, 25.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added DIBAL-H (1M, 50.1 mL) dropwise at 0° C. under N₂, and the mixture was warmed to 15° C. and stirred for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with sat. NH₄Cl (100 mL) and stirred for 0.5 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:EtOAc=5:1 to 3:1) to give tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.36 (br s, 1H), 4.13-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.67 (m, 3H), 3.13-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.93 (t, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.33-2.31 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.28-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.13-0.06 (m, 6H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 2.77 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 mL) was added Ag₂O (1.92 g, 8.30 mmol) and MeI (3.93 g, 27.66 mmol, 1.72 mL) at 15° C., and the mixture was heated to 80° C. for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate which was used directly.

tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 2.66 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added TBAF (1 M, 5.33 mL) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 3 h. The solution was diluted with water (30 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE:MTBE=10:1 to 0:1) to give tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.39 (br s, 1H), 4.11-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.28-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.02 (t, J=10.64 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.51 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.38 (m, 9H).

(2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.53 mmol) in DCM (8 mL), CH₃CN (8 mL) and H₂O (12 mL) at 0° C. was added NaIO₄ (982 mg, 4.59 mmol) followed by RuCl₃.H₂O (7 mg, 0.031 mmol). The reaction the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h, was diluted with aq. Na₂S₂O₃, and then adjusted to pH 3-4 with 1N HCl. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), the combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid which was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 3.96 (br dd, J=10.92, 3.89 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.39-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.14 ((m, 1H), 2.39-2.28 ((m, 1H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (300 mg, 1.51 mmol) and (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (425 mg, 1.54 mmol) in EtOAc (15 mL) was added T3P (3.85 g, 6.06 mmol, 3.6 mL, 50% in EtOAc) and NEt₃ (6.06 mmol, 843 μL) at 15° C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 15 h and was adjusted to pH 7-8 with sat. NaHCO₃ (30 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate. LCMS: m/z: 400.1 [M−55]⁺

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added DIEA (85 mg, 0.66 mmol) and TsCl (63 mg, 033 mmol) at 15° C., and the mixture was heated to 40° C. for 5 h. The mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ (20 mL), and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, PE:EtOAc=3:1) to give tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate which was used directly. LCMS: m/z: 382.1 [M−55]⁺

(3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (69 mg, 0.16 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 10 mL) at 15° C. and the mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give (3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt, which was used in the next step without further purification.

2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,5S,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)acetic acid (33 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added HATU (73 mg, 0.19 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, and then (3R,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (65 mg, 0.17 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (83 mg, 0.64 mmol) were added dropwise in DMF (0.5 mL) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 12 h, was diluted with H₂O (0.1 mL) at 0° C., and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (neutral) to give 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,5S,6S)-5-methoxy-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.71 (br d, J=8.41 Hz, 1H), 6.98-7.08 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.94 (m, 2H), 4.95 (d, J=3.64 Hz, 1H), 4.64-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.48 (d, J=3.76 Hz, 2H), 4.18-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.44 (m, 4H), 2.84-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.72 (quin, J=10.35 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (dt, J=14.21, 4.00 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (dt, J=14.18, 5.14 Hz, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 490.3 [M+H]⁺

Example 37: 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide (37)

To a mixture of 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)acetic acid (66 mg, 0.35 mmol), DIEA (139 mg, 1.08 mmol) and (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added HATU (133 mg, 0.35 mmol) at 20° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 16 h. The mixture was poured into water (2 mL) and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×2 mL). The combined organic phases were dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, EtOAc) to give 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.00-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.85 (br dd, J=1.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (br d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.79-4.63 (m, 2H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.25-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 1H). LCMS m/z: =478.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 38

The following compound can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z Ex. Compound [M + H]⁺ 38

460.4

Example 39: N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]oxy]acetamide (39)

To a mixture of 2-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]oxy]acetic acid (77 mg, 0.35 mmol) in EtOAc (2.0 mL) was added (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine (107 mg, 0.35 mmol), T3P (555 mg, 0.87 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and NEt₃ (141 mg, 1.40 mmol) at 20° C., and the mixture was stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL), the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, PE:EtOAC=0:1) to give N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]oxy]acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.49 (d, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.68 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.68, 2.69 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (br d, J=7.58 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 4.16-4.27 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 2H), 1.73 (dtd, J 12.94, 10.16, 10.16, 5.01 Hz, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 511.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 40: N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]acetamide (40)

(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine hydrochloride (80 mg, 0.23 mmol), 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (62 mg, 0.28 mmol), and NEt₃ (0.1 mL, 0.70 mmol) were dissolved in EtOAc (2.3 mL) and T3P (89 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat NaHCO₃ solution (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified employing reverse-phase HPLC to provide the desired product. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.65-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.46 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.25-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.33 (m, 2H), 2.90 (dtt, J=9.1, 6.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.66 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 510.5 [M+H]⁺.

Example 41: N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetamide (41)

To a mixture of (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine HCl salt (42 mg, 0.11 mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (21 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (43 mg, 0.33 mmol) and HATU (63 mg, 0.17 mmol) in one portion, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 20° C. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried with anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give N-[(3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetamide. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.29-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.53 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.51 (m, 4H). LC-MS: m/z: 512.1 [M+H]⁺

Example 42: 7-bromo-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide (42)

Prepared according to General Procedure A employing 4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclohexanamine hydrochloride (60 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (63 mg, 0.26 mmol) in EtOAc (1.7 mL). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.14 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J=7.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (dt, J=1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=7.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.38 (tt, J=10.2, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.74 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 530.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 43: 5-chloro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamide (43)

Prepared according to General Procedure A employing 4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclohexanamine hydrochloride (60 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 5-chloro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylic acid (56 mg, 0.26 mmol) in EtOAc (1.7 mL). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.09-8.08 (m, 1H), 7.93 (dd, J=8.6, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 1H), 4.81-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.39 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.96-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.82 (m, 1H). LC-MS: m/z: 503.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 44: 7-chloro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)isoquinoline-3-carboxamide (44)

Prepared according to General Procedure A employing 4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclohexanamine hydrochloride (60 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 7-chloroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (54 mg, 0.26 mmol) in EtOAc (1.7 mL). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 9.12 (t, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.17-8.15 (n, 1H), 8.07-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=8.7, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.79-4.70 (n, 2H), 4.40-4.32 (n, 2H), 3.56-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.39 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.87 (n, 2H), 2.80-2.72 (n, 2H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.80 (m, 1H). LC-MS: mz: 497.3 [M+H]⁺.

Examples 45-55

The following compounds can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z Ex. Compound [M + H]⁺ 45

502.2 46

468.1 47

519.1 48

518.0 49

521.1 50

493.3 51

489.4 52

474.2 53

460.4 54

475.3 55

454.3

Example 56: 6-chloro-N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]quinoline-2-carboxamide (56)

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3R,6S)-6-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-amine TFA salt (90.0 mg, 0.21 mmol), 6-chloroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (64.9 mg, 0.64 mmol), NEt₃ (64.9 mg, 0.26 mmol) and T3P solution (81.5 mg, 0.26 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) in EtOAc (2.6 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC to give the desired product. LC-MS: m/z: 497.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27-8.25 (m, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (dd, J=9.0, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=9.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.38 (tt, J=10.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.39 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 57: 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (57) 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide

To a mixture of (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (120 mg, 0.35 mmol) and 6-fluoroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (5.0 mL) was added HATU (159 mg, 0.42 mmol) and DIEA (135 mg, 1.05 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 60 min. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 45%-75% over 10.0 min) to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 481.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.38-8.26 (m, 2H), 8.20-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.49 (m, 2H), 4.83-4.64 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.38 (tt, J=7.6, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 58: 2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (58) 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxamide

To a mixture of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (1.0 g, 5.43 mmol; 8:1 to 10:1 ratio of cis- to trans-) in DMF (10 mL) was added HATU (2.48 g, 6.52 mmol) at 25° C., and after 20 min, NH₄Cl (5.81 g, 10.9 mmol) and DIEA (2.11 g, 16.3 mmol) were added to the mixture. The mixture was stirred for 12 h and then diluted with H₂O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O (3×30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with petroleum ether (10 mL), filtered and the filter cake was dried in vacuo to give the product as a mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis-configuration.

3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonitrile

To a mixture of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboxamide (770 mg, 4.20 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added T3P solution (10.70 g, 16.8 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) at 25° C., and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=7-8 with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product as a mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis-configuration. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.61 (quin, J=7.22 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.86 (m, 5H).

N′-hydroxy-3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboximidamide

To a mixture of 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonitrile (630 mg, 3.82 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added NH₂OH.HCl (398 mg, 5.72 mmol) and DIEA (789 mg, 6.10 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a mixture of stereoisomers.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (619 mg, 2.52 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added CDI (491 mg, 3.03 mmol). After 30 min, N-hydroxy-3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarboximidamide (500 mg, 2.52 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (50 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title product.

(3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in HCl/EtOAc (10 mL, 4 M) was stirred at 20° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was used directly.

2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a mixture of 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (43 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added HATU (80 mg, 0.21 mmol). After 20 min, DIEA (83 mg, 0.65 mmol) and (3R,6S)-6-(3-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 52%-72% over 10.5 min) to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 494.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.35 (t, J=8.60 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J=10.23, 2.82 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (dd, J=8.97, 1.69 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (br d, J=7.65 Hz, 1H), 4.65-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.42 (dd, J=10.79, 9.03 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (tt, J=10.07, 7.69 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.68 (q, J=9.79 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (br d, J=10.67 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (q, J=10.16 Hz, 1H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 59: N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-6-fluoroquinoline-2-carboxamide (59) (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (5 mL, 4 M), and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 344.1 [M+H]⁺.

N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-6-fluoroquinoline-2-carboxamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (48 mg, 0.13 mmol), NEt₃ (51 mg, 0.51 mmol), 6-fluoroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (24 mg, 0.13 mmol) and T3P (161 mg, 0.25 mmol, 50% purity in EtOAc) in EtOAc (2 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: HUAPU C8 Extreme BDS 150 mm×30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 50%-70% over 10.0 min) to give the title product. LC-MS: m/z: 517.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.44 (br d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.36-8.27 (m, 2H), 8.19 (dd, J=5.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dt, J=2.8, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J=2.7, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.05-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.91-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.29 (m, 1H), 3.72 (t, J=11.3 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (tt, J=7.8, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (dtd, J=2.9, 7.4, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.69 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.57 (m, 1H).

Example 60: N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (60) N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide

To a mixture of (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (120 mg, 0.35 mmol) and 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (84 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added HATU (159 mg, 0.42 mmol) and DIEA (135 mg, 1.05 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 60 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 50%-80% over 10.0 min) to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 531.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.48-8.40 (m, 2H), 8.30-8.15 (m, 3H), 7.97 (dd, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.83-4.68 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.34-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.82 (m, 1H).

Example 61: N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide (61) N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)acetamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (34 mg, 0.09 mmol), NEt₃ (36 mg, 0.36 mmol) and 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (22 mg, 0.10 mmol) and T3P solution (86 mg, 0.13 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) in EtOAc (2.0 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 40%-70% over 10.0 min) to give the desired product. LCMS: m/z: 546.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.62 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (br d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (br d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 4.78-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.61 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 2H), 4.28-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.53 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.49 (m, 4H).

Example 62: 2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (62) 2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3S,6S)-4,4-difluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (34 mg, 0.09 mmol), NEt₃ (36 mg, 0.36 mmol) and 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (20 mg, 0.10 mmol) and T3P solution (86 mg, 0.13 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) in EtOAc (2.0 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 40%-70% over 10.0 min) to provide the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 530.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.36 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (dd, J=3.1, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 6.75-6.64 (m, 2H), 4.90 (br d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.61 (m, 2H), 4.54 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 2H), 4.27-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.53 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 3.44-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.97-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.50 (m, 4H).

3-cis-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanol

To a mixture of 3-benzyloxycyclobutanone (70 g, 397 mmol) in MeOH (700 mL) was added NaBH₄ (15.0 g, 397 mmol) at −30° C. over 2 h, and the mixture was stirred at −30° C. for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was slowly poured onto ice/sat. NH₄Cl mixture (600 mL), and the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeOH. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the product as a mixture of diastereomers in favor of the cis configuration. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.22-7.41 (m, 5H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 3.89 (quin, J=7.21 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (quin, J=6.94 Hz, 1H), 2.62-2.76 (m, 2H), 1.87-2.00 (m, 2H).

((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)methyl)benzene

To a foil-wrapped flask containing AgOTf (21.6 g, 84.2 mmol), KF (6.52 g, 112.2 mmol) and Select Fluor (14.9 g, 42.1 mmol) in EtOAc (100 mL) were sequentially added 3-cis-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanol (5.0 g, 28.1 mmol), 2-fluoropyridine (8.17 g, 84.2 mmol) and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (12.0 g, 84.2 mmol), maintaining an internal reaction temperature below 30° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h, was filtered through a pad of Celite and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.30-7.41 (m, 5H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.29 (quin, J=7.21 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (quin, J=6.94 Hz, 1H), 2.73-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.30 (m, 2H).

3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanol

To a solution of ((3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)methyl)benzene (5.0 g, 20.3 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL) was added Pd/C (4.31 g, 4.06 mmol, 10 wt % on carbon), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h under a hydrogen atmosphere. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.26-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.95 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 3H).

Examples 63 and 64: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(-1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (63) and (64) tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(chlorocarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure D employing (2S,5R)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid (5.0 g, 20.4 mmol), DMF (149 mg, 2.04 mmol) and (COCl)₂ (3.10 g, 24.5 mmol) in THF (50 mL). The crude product was used directly.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-bromoacetyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure E employing tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-chlorocarbonyltetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (5.0 g, 19.0 mmol), TMSCHN₂ (2 M, 16.1 mL) and HBr (4.22 g, 20.9 mmol, 40% purity) in THF (25 mL) and MeCN (25 mL). The crude product was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.50-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.14 (m, 3H), 3.98-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.41-1.33 (m, 1H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-bromo-1-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-bromoacetyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (2.5 g, 7.76 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaBH₄ (294 mg, 7.76 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NH₄Cl solution (30 mL) at 0° C., and was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a mixture of diastereomers that was used directly.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(oxiran-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-bromo-1-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.9 g, 5.86 mmol) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was added Ag₂O (2.72 g, 11.7 mmol) and NaI (88 mg, 0.59 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated was under reduced pressure to give the desired compound as a mixture of diastereomers that was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 188.1 [M+H−56]⁺.

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(oxiran-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (150 mg, 0.62 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanol (115 mg, 0.74 mmol) in CHCl₃ (3 mL) at 0° C. was added BF₃.Et₂O (105 mg, 0.74 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with 2 N HCl (10 mL) and extracted with MTBE (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge Prep OBD C18 150 mm×30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 0.4% NH₄OH in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 40%-100% over 10.0 min) to provide the title compound as a mixture of diastereomers. LC-MS: m/z: 344.0 [M+H−56]⁺.

1-((2S,5R)-5-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethanol HCl Salt

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (23 mg, 0.06 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0 mL) was added HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 10 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a mixture of diastereomers that was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 300.1 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(-1-hydroxy-2-(-3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide and 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(-1-hydroxy-2-(-3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (64 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added HATU (143 mg, 0.38 mmol), 1-((2S,5R)-5-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethanol HCl salt (115 mg, 0.34 mmol) and NMM (104 mg, 1.03 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3×5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (SiO₂, PE:EtOAc=1:2) to give a low polarity spot and high polarity spot. The lower polarity spot was further purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 35%-65% over 10.0 min) and further purified by SFC (column: Chiralpak IC-3 100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm; mobile phase: A: CO₂, B: 0.05% i-PrOH in MeOH, B % in A: 5%-40% over 5.0 min, flow rate: 4.0 mL/min, back pressure: 100 bar) to provide 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (first eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 468.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.23 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.31 (quin, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.06 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.39 (dd, J=7.0, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (ddd, J=2.0, 6.2, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (t, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.84-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.35 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.92 (br d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.36 (m, 1H).

The higher polarity spot was further purified by prep-HPLC (column: Waters Xbridge 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 35%-65% over 10.0 min) to provide 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (second eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 468.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.23 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.30 (quin, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (ddd, J=1.8, 4.7, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 4.09-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.12 (t, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dtd, J=3.3, 6.5, 9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (br s, 1H), 2.28-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.60 (br d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 1.52-1.40 (m, 1H).

Examples 65 and 66: 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide (65) and (66) 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (100 mg, 0.29 mmol), NEt₃ (107 mg, 1.06 mmol), 6-fluorochromane-2-carboxylic acid (51.9 mg, 0.26 mmol) and T3P (0.66 mmol, 0.39 mL, 50% in EtOAc) in EtOAc (5.0 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 40%-70% over 10.0 min) to provide 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide. The enantiomers were further purified by SFC (column: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H 250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: CO₂, B: MeOH, B % in A: 40%-40% over 12.0 min) with the mixed fractions being repurified under the same SFC conditions a second time to give 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide (first eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 486.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.87 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.80 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (br d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.49 (dd, J=2.8, 9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.80 (t, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (td, J=5.0, 10.0 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (td, J=6.7, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.09 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.61 (m, 1H), and 6-fluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)chroman-2-carboxamide (second eluding isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 486.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 6.85 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (br d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (br d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.79-4.65 (m, 2H), 4.48 (dd, J=2.8, 9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.80 (brt, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (td, J=5.0, 10.0 Hz, 2H), 2.53-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.31 (tdd, J=2.1, 4.2, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 1H).

Example 67: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (67) tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,4R,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 2.77 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added DAST (891 mg, 5.53 mmol) at −10° C., and the mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ (60 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.32-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.06 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 6H).

tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (470 mg, 1.29 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with TBAF (1 M, 3.88 mL) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 4 h allowing to warm to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with by sat. NH₄Cl (60 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 194.0 [M−55]⁺.

(2S,4S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (240 mg, 0.96 mmol) in DCM (3.0 mL), MeCN (3.0 mL) and H₂O (6.0 mL) at 0° C. was added RuCl₃.H₂O (4 mg, 0.02 mmol) and NaIO₄ (618 mg, 2.89 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h and allowed to warm to rt. The mixture was diluted with Na₂S₂O₄, and then adjusted to pH=3-4 with 1 N HCl. The mixture was filtered, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (4×30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was used directly.

tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (2S,4S,5S)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 0.76 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (150 mg, 0.76 mmol) in EtOAc (6.0 mL). The crude reaction residue was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 388.2 [M−55]⁺.

tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (300 mg, 0.68 mmol), DIEA (524 mg, 4.06 mmol) and TsCl (386 mg, 2.03 mmol) in MeCN (8 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ (30 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the desired product. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.64-4.80 (m, 3H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 3.75-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.77 (m, 3H), 2.23-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

(3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 5 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was used directly.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3S,4S,6S)-4-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine, HCl salt (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (28 mg, 0.15 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 45%-65% over 10.0 min) to provide the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 494.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.63 (br d, J=7.46 Hz, 1H), 4.66-4.94 (m, 3H), 4.47-4.55 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 1H), 3.47-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.34 (m, 1H).

Example 68: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (68) tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (1.0 g, 2.77 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added DAST (445 mg, 2.77 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NaHCO₃ solution (30 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.41-4.64 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.07 (s, 6H).

tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-6-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.10 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was treated with TBAF (1 M, 3.30 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 h while warming to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. NH₄Cl solution (60 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 194.0 [M−55]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.34-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.01-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J=10.64 Hz, 1H), 2.49-2.60 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

(2R,3S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (120 mg, 0.48 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL), MeCN (2.0 mL) and H₂O (4.0 mL) were added RuCl₃.H₂O (2.17 mg, 0.01 mmol) and NaIO₄ (308 mg, 1.44 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 h while warming to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with Na₂S₂O₄ solution (10 mL), and was adjusted to pH=4-5 by addition of 1 N HCl. The mixture was filtered, and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM:MeOH (4×30 mL, v:v=10:1). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude residue that was used directly.

tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure A employing ((2R,3S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (130 mg, 0.49 mmol) and 3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbohydrazide (97 mg, 0.49 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL). The crude residue was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 388.0 [M−55]⁺.

tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.45 mmol), DIEA (349 mg, 2.71 mmol) and TsCl (257 mg, 1.35 mmol) were stirred in MeCN (5 mL) for 2 h at rt. The reaction mixture was diluete with sat. NaHCO₃ solution (30 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 5.00-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.94 (m, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.53 (m, 1H), 1.93-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H).

(3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine

A mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 5 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was used directly.

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing (3R,5S,6R)-5-fluoro-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid (28 mg, 0.15 mmol) in EtOAc (5 mL). Purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 50%-70% over 10.0 min) to provide the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 494.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.28-7.35 (m, 3H), 6.86-6.92 (m, 2H), 5.13-5.28 (m, 1H), 5.07-5.13 (m, 1H), 4.71-4.79 (m, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.25-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.27 (m, 1H).

Examples 69 and 70: 2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (69) and (70) (2S,5R)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a solution of (2S,5R)-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (2.0 g, 8.15 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and MeOH (5 mL) at 0° C. was added TMSCHN₂ (2 M, 10.0 mL), and mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with AcOH (2.5 mL) at 0° C., followed by H₂O (50 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.39 (br s, 1H), 4.24-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.96 (br d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.69 (br s, 1H), 3.15 (br s, 1H), 2.18-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure B employing (2S,5R)-methyl 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate (750 mg, 2.89 mmol), hydrazine hydrate (1.45 g, 28.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL). The crude product was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO d6): δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 6.80 (br d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (br s, 2H), 3.83 (br dd, J=3.7, 9.9 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.27 (br s, 1H), 2.97 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 1.87 (br d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 1.48-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H).

trans-ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a solution of ethyl 2-formylcyclopropanecarboxylate (7.0 g, 49.2 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added NaBH₄ (1.86 g, 49.2 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h with warming to rt, was cooled back to 0° C. and was diluted with aq. NH₄Cl (50 mL). The EtOH was removed under reduced pressure, and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.20-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.64 (dd, J=6.1, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (dd, J=6.6, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 1.81-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.57 (td, J=4.3, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.27 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.24-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.87 (ddd, J=4.4, 6.1, 8.3 Hz, 1H).

trans-ethyl 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

To a foil-wrapped reaction flask were added AgOTf (8.02 g, 31.2 mmol), 1-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane ditetrafluoroborate (5.53 g, 15.6 mmol), KF (2.42 g, 41.6 mmol) and trans-ethyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.5 g, 10.4 mmol) were added. Then EtOAc (50 mL), 2-fluoropyridine (3.03 g, 31.2 mmol) and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (4.44 g, 31.2 mmol) were added sequentially keeping the inner temperature below 30° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.15 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (dd, J=6.6, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (dd, J=7.2, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 1.86-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.65 (td, J=4.5, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.21-1.09 (m, 1H), 0.99-0.91 (m, 1H).

trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid

To a solution of trans-ethyl 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (1.5 g, 7.07 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and H₂O (15 mL) at 0° C. was added LiOH.H₂O (2.37 g, 56.6 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 5 h with warming to rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was diluted with H₂O (30 mL) and was extracted with MTBE (3×20 mL). The water phase was adjusted to pH=1-2 with 2 N HCl at 0° C. and was extracted with DCM:MeOH (6×20 mL, v:v=10:1). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was used directly. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 3.99 (dd, J=6.1, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (dd, J=7.5, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 1.94-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.68 (td, J=4.5, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 1.41-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.03 (ddd, J=5.0, 6.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

Prepared using General Procedure A employing trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (369 mg, 2.01 mmol) and tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (0.52 g, 2.01 mmol) in EtOAc (20 mL). The crude residue was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 448.2 [M+Na]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.96-8.69 (m, 2H), 4.31 (br s, 1H), 4.17 (br d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=2.2, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.63 (br s, 1H), 3.06 (t, J=10.7 Hz, 1H), 2.26-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.84 (br s, 1H), 1.63-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.93 (td, J=4.5, 8.6 Hz, 1H).

tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate

To a mixture of tert-butyl ((3R,6S)-6-(2-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl)hydrazinecarbonyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)carbamate (900 mg, 2.12 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (4.14 g, 12.7 mmol) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was treated with TsCl (1.05 g, 5.50 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 352.1 [M+H−56]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 4.60 (dd, J=2.9, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (br s, 1H), 4.15 (br dd, J=3.1, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (dd, J=6.3, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.74 (br s, 1H), 3.26 (brt, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 2.29-2.16 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.27-1.20 (m, 1H).

(3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl Salt

A mixture of tert-butyl N-[(3R,6S)-6-[5-[trans-2-(trifluoromethoxymethyl)cyclopropyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-3-yl]carbamate (200 mg, 0.49 mmol) in HCl/EtOAc (4 M, 10 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 308.1 [M+H]⁺.

2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a mixture of 2-(4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenoxy)acetic acid (129 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) at 0° C. was added HATU (239 mg, 0.63 mmol). After 20 min, DIEA (250 mg, 1.94 mmol) and (3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine HCl salt (180 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) and was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Xtimate C18 150 mm×25 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 10 mM NH₄HCO₃ in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 45%-75% over 10.0 min) and further purified by chiral SFC (column: Phenomenex-Cellulose-2 250 mm×30 mm, 10 μm; mobile phase: A: CO₂, B: 0.1% NH₄OH in EtOH, B % in A: 41%-41% over 4.6 min) to give:

2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (first eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 494.1 [M+H]. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.39 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.8, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (ddd, J=1.2, 2.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J=2.3, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.16 (dd, J=6.5, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.98 (m, 3H), 3.40 (brt, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.45 (td, J=5.3, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 1.31 (td, J=5.7, 9.0 Hz, 1H), and 2-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(trans-2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (second eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 516.2 [M+Na]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 7.39 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.9, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (ddd, J=1.3, 2.9, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J=2.4, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.15 (dd, J=6.5, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.08-3.98 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.09-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.44 (td, J=5.3, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 1.30 (td, J=5.7, 8.9 Hz, 1H).

Examples 71 and 72: 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)propan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (71) and (72) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(1-hydroxy-2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (350 mg, 0.75 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added DMP (1.59 g, 3.74 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and further purified by prep-HPLC (column: Syneri Polar-RP 100 mm×30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: 0.1% TFA in water, B: MeCN, B % in A: 45%-75% over 10.0 min) to give the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 466.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.32-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.83 (m, 2H), 6.26 (br d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.35 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.17 (ddd, J=1.8, 4.6, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=2.4, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (quin, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.12 (t, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (dtd, J=3.2, 6.6, 9.8 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (br d, J=10.5 Hz, 2H), 2.22-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.44 (m, 1H).

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)propan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)acetyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at −78° C. was added MeMgBr (3 M in THF, 0.22 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was dilute with NH₄Cl (10 mL), and then with H₂O (5 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chiral SFC (column: Daicel Chiralpak AD-H 250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: A: CO₂, B: i-PrOH, B % in A: 25%-25% over 4.5 min) to give:

2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)propan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (first eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 504.2 [M+Na]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.92-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.21 (br d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.37-4.26 (m, 1H), 4.11 (ddd, J=2.1, 4.8, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.05-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.66 (quin, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 3.29-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.08 (t, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dtd, J=3.3, 6.6, 9.8 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (s, 1H), 2.27-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.41 (dq, J=3.9, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 1.15 (s, 3H), and 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-((3R,6S)-6-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutoxy)propan-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide (second eluting isomer from SFC). LC-MS: m/z: 504.3 [M+Na]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.22 (br d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.34-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.14 (ddd, J=2.1, 4.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.08-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.65 (quin, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.21 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.16-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.77 (dtd, J=3.2, 6.6, 9.8 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (br s, 1H), 2.25-2.11 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.57 (br d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (dq, J=4.2, 12.3 Hz, 1H), 1.17-1.09 (m, 3H).

Example 73: 6-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (73) 6-fluoro-N-(1-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing 4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) and 6-fluoroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (69 mg, 0.36 mmol) in EtOAc (1.6 mL). Purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: 507.5 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.29 (s, 2H), 8.13 (dd, J=9.2, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.57 (ddd, J=9.2, 8.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.50 (m, 1H), 4.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.25 (m, 4H).

Example 74: N-(1-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (74) N-(1-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-4-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide

Prepared using General Procedure A employing 4-[5-[3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-amine (80 mg, 0.24 mmol) and 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (87 mg, 0.36 mmol) in EtOAc (1.6 mL). Purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC. LC-MS: m/z: 557.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 8.45 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27-8.23 (m, 2H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J=8.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.39-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.89 (dtt, J=9.1, 6.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 2.78-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.24 (m, 4H).

Example 75: 6,7-difluoro-N-((3R,6S)-6-(5-(3-cis-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide (75) 6,7-difluoro-2-methyl-quinoline

To a mixture of 3,4-difluoroaniline (5 g, 38.7 mmol) in toluene (25 mL) was added HCl (6 M, 25 mL) at 20° C. under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 110° C. After 1 h, E-but-2-enal (4.07 g, 58.1 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was further stirred at 110° C. for 15 h. The reaction mixture was poured into NaOH (6 M, 25 mL) and adjusted to pH=11. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide the title compound. LC-MS: m/z: 180.3 [M+H]⁺.

6,7-difluoroquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid

To a mixture of 6,7-difluoro-2-methyl-quinoline (3 g, 16.7 mmol) in pyridine (15 mL) was added SeO₂ (3.72 g, 33.5 mmol) in one portion at 20° C. under N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in aqueous NaOH solution (2 N, 30 mL). The residual solid was filtered off and the filtrate was extracted with MTBE (3×30 mL). The aqueous phase was then acidified using 1 M HCl and the aqueous was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined EtOAc was then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was used directly. LC-MS: m/z: 208.0 [M−H]⁻.

Examples 75-76

The following compounds can be made via similar procedures as those described throughout.

m/z General Ex. Compound [M + H]⁺ Procedure 75

499.2 A 76

499.1 A

Biological Example 1 Biochemical Assay of the Compounds

Cellular stress leads to activation of the integrated stress response pathway through one of four eukaryotic initiation factor 2a kinases and halts global translation, while allowing for the translation of select transcripts like ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) that are important for the response to cellular stress. During normal conditions, small open reading frames (ORFs) in the 5′ UTR of ATF4 occupy the ribosome and prevent translation of the coding sequence of ATF4. During stress conditions however, the ribosome scans past these upstream ORFs and preferentially begins translation at the coding sequence of ATF4. In this way, the translation, and thus protein level of ATF4 is a readout of ISR pathway activation. Thus, a fusion of the uORFs and the beginning of the coding sequence of ATF to a common cellular reporter like nano-luciferase allows for a sensitive and high-throughput readout of ISR pathway activity.

Compounds as provided herein were tested in the following assay. The ATF4 Nano Luciferase reporter was constructed by fusing the human full length 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) and a small portion of the coding sequence of the ATF4 gene upstream of the Nano Luciferase (NLuc) coding sequence lacking it's start codon. Specifically, nucleotides +1 through +364 (relative to the transcriptional start site) of ATF4 transcript variant 2 (NCBI NM_182810.2) flanked 5′ by EcoRI and 3′ by BamHI restriction enzyme sites were synthesized and cloned into the EcoRI/BamHI cloning sites of pLVX-EF1a-IRES-Puro lentivirus vector (Clontech). Lentiviral particles were produced with Lenti-X single shots (VSV-G, Clontech) according to the manufacturer's instructions and used to transduce a human H4 neuroglioma cell line (ATCC HTB-148). H4 cells were selected with 1.25 μg/mL Puromycin, and clonal cell lines generated by limiting dilution. We utilized this cell line to generate an integrated stress response (ISR) assay to evaluate the activity of ISR pathway inhibitors via luminescence readout. The H4 ATF4-NLuc (clone 17) cell line is plated at a density of 15,000 or 2,50 cells in 96-well or 384-well respectively in DMEM+1000 fetal bovine serum. 24-hours later test compounds diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are added for 30 minutes at 37° C., followed by ISR pathway activation with 50 μm sodium arsenite aqueous solution for 6 additional hours. Nano Glo luciferase reagent (N1150, Promega) is added according to manufacturer instructions and the luminescence signal (corresponding to the level of ATF4 translation and thus ISR pathway activation) is read with a standard plate reader with luminescence detection capabilities. 10469 In the tables below, activity of the tested compounds is provided, and in Table 3 as follows: ++=IC₅₀<1 μM; ++=IC₅₀ 1-10 μM; +=IC₅₀>10 μM.

TABLE 3 Ex. Activity  1 +++  2 +++  3 +++  4 ++ 14 +++ 17 +++ 18 +++ 19 +++ 20 +++ 21 +++ 22 +++ 23 ++ 24 +++ 25 +++ 26 +++ 27 +++ 28 +++ 30 +++ 31 +++ 32 +++ 33 +++ 34 +++ 35 +++ 36 +++ 37 +++ 38 +++ 39 +++ 40 +++ 41 +++ 42 +++ 43 +++ 44 +++ 45 +++ 46 +++ 47 +++ 48 +++ 49 + 50 +++ 51 +++ 52 +++ 53 +++ 54 +++ 55 +++ 56 +++ 57 +++ 58 +++ 59 +++ 60 +++ 61 +++ 62 +++ 63 +++ 64 +++ 65 +++ 66 +++ 67 +++ 68 +++ 69 +++ 70 +++ 71 +++ 72 +++ 75 +++ 76 +++

TABLE 4 Biological Example 1 Ex. (ATF4 translation, IC₅₀ nM)  2 2.7 19 29.5 21 4.0 24 10.5 26 2.2 33 421 39 36 40 2.4 41 13.5 50 38 52 43 55 22.7 58 3.7 60 3.5 61 14.4 63 3.9 65 8.5 67 3.1 70 8.0 75 8.9 77 2.3 78 9.5

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

The inventions illustratively described herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example, the terms “comprising”, “including,” “containing”, etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Additionally, the terms and expressions employed herein have been used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed.

All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety, to the same extent as if each were incorporated by reference individually. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

It is to be understood that while the disclosure has been described in conjunction with the above embodiments, that the foregoing description and examples are intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the disclosure. Other aspects, advantages and modifications within the scope of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of Formula I:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein: L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³; z is 0 or 1; X¹ is O, NR⁹ or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O; R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O; R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰; R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₆ haloalkyl; each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹² is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; provided that when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are not all hydrogen; when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen or methyl; and provided that when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIA:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0, 1, or 2, and the oxygen-containing ring moiety

 is optionally substituted with one to four halo.
 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula IIB:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein ring A is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0, 1, or 2, and the oxygen-containing ring moiety

 is optionally substituted with one to four halo.
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIA:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0, 1, or 2, and the oxygen-containing ring moiety

 is optionally substituted with one to four halo.
 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula VIB:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, wherein ring A is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, and n is 0, 1, or 2, and the oxygen-containing ring moiety

 is optionally substituted with one to four halo.
 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C₂₋₄ heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein L or ring A is triazole, oxazole, imidazole, oxadiazole, or isoxazole optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 10. The compound of claim 6, wherein L or ring A is a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 12. The compound of claim 11, wherein L or ring A is a five membered C₂₋₄ heterocyclyl ring having 1 to 3 nitrogen ring atoms optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 13. The compound of claim 12, wherein L is dihydroisoxazole or oxazolidine optionally substituted with one or more R¹³.
 14. The compound of any one of claims 6-13, wherein L or ring A is optionally substituted with one to three R¹³, where each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, oxo, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkoxy, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkoxy.
 15. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R¹¹.
 16. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R¹¹.
 17. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R² is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or tetrahydrofuranyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to six R¹¹.
 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein R² is substituted with one to six R¹¹.
 19. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R¹ is independently hydroxyl, C₁₋₆ halo alkoxy, halo, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, C₁₋₆ halo alkoxycycloalkoxy, or halophenoxy.
 20. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R² is 1-fluorocyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclopropyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, phenyl, 3-cyanocyclobutyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyanocyclopropyl, hydroxycyclobutyl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, N-tert-butoxy(carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)cyclobutyl, 3-(1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)azetidinyl, 3-(triazol-2-yl)cyclobutyl, 3-(trifluoromethylthio)cyclobutyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, or 3-(cyclopropyl)cyclobutyl.
 21. The compound of any of claims 1-4, wherein R² is 4-chloro-3-fluoro-phenyl, N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)azetidin-3-yl, 3-(difluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.
 22. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8 or 12, wherein X¹ is O.
 23. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹.
 24. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R³ is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹.
 25. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R³ is cyclobutyl, triazolyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹.
 26. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R³ is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹.
 27. The compound of claim 26, wherein R³ is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, C₁₋₂ haloalkyl, and C₁₋₂ haloalkoxy.
 28. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R³ is phenyl substituted with chloro, fluoro, or a combination thereof.
 29. The compound of any one claims 1-28, wherein R³ is 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-((trifluoromethoxy)methyl)cyclopropyl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 7-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl, 5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl, 7-chloroisoquinolin-3-yl, 6-chloroquinolin-2-yl, 6-fluoroisoquinolin-2-yl, 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-2-yl, 6-chlorochroman-2-yl, 6-fluorochroman-2-yl, 6,7-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 5,6-difluoroquinolin-2-yl, 3-(trifluoromethoxy)pyrrolidin-1-yl, or 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl.
 30. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein each R¹¹ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl.
 31. The compound of any of claims 1-4, 8, 12 or 26, wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are hydrogen.
 32. The compound of any preceding claim, wherein R¹ is hydrogen.
 33. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂O—, or —CF₂CH₂O—.
 34. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26 or 31, wherein R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₆ alkoxy.
 35. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are hydrogen.
 36. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring.
 37. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃ cycloalkyl ring.
 38. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl.
 39. The compound of claim 1, 8, 12, 26, 31 or 34, wherein R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form an ethylene bridge.
 40. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof selected from Table 1 or Table
 2. 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 42. A method for treating a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof.
 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is a neurodegenerative disease.
 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease is Alexander's disease, Alper's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ataxia telangiectasia, Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease), Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Canavan disease, Cockayne syndrome, Corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, frontotemporal dementia, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, Huntington's disease, HIV-associated dementia, Kennedy's disease, Krabbe's disease, kuru, Lewy body dementia, Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3), Multiple sclerosis, Multiple System Atrophy, Narcolepsy, Neuroborreliosis, Parkinson's disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Pick's disease, Primary lateral sclerosis, Prion diseases, Refsum's disease, Sandhoffs disease, Schilder's disease, Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia, Schizophrenia, Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics), Spinal muscular atrophy, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease, insulin resistance or Tabes dorsalis.
 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease, ALS, Parkinson's disease or dementia.
 46. A method for enhancing cognitive memory, the method comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 41 to a subject in need thereof.
 47. The method of claim 42, wherein the disease or condition is cancer.
 48. A method of preparing a compound of Formula I, comprising contacting a compound of Formula 1:

with a compound of Formula 2:

under conditions suitable to provide a compound of Formula I or a salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, wherein: LG is a leaving group; L is a heteroalkylene optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰, or L is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹³; z is 0 or 1; X¹ is O, NR⁹ or a bond; provided that when z is 0, X¹ is not O; R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O; R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰; R¹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹, or R¹ and R⁵ together form a heterocyclyl ring optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; R⁴ and R⁵ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl or C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; or R³ and R⁴, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; or R⁴ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, join to form a C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; R⁹ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which, other than hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₆ haloalkyl; each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; each R¹² is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹² is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R¹³ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³⁰, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³⁰, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹³ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; provided that when X¹ is a bond, R³, R⁴, and R are not all hydrogen; when z is 0, and X¹ is a bond, R³ is not hydrogen; and provided that when X¹ is NR⁹, R³, and R⁴ together do not form a heterocyclic ring.
 49. The method of claim 48, wherein LG is —OH, C₁₋₆ alkoxy or halo.
 50. A compound of formula X:

or a salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, wherein: R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, and R¹⁷ are independently hydrogen, halo, cyano, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl ring, or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C═O; R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, or R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ together form a C₁₋₃ alkylene bridge optionally substituted with one to six R¹⁰; R² is C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R¹¹; each of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently hydrogen, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R²⁰, —C(O)OR²⁰, —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R²⁰ or —S(O)₁₋₂NR²⁰, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; or two of R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo, oxo, or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R¹⁰ is independently halo, hydroxy, C₁₋₆ alkyl, or C₁₋₆ haloalkyl; each R¹¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR⁶, —SR⁶, —SF₅, —NR⁶R⁷, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R⁶, —C(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)OR⁶, —OC(O)R⁶, —C(O)NR⁶R⁷, —OC(O)NR⁶R⁷, —NR⁶C(O)NR⁷R⁸, —S(O)₁₋₂R⁶, —S(O)₁₋₂NR⁶, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂R⁷, —NR⁶S(O)₁₋₂NR⁷R⁸, —NR⁶C(O)R⁷, or —NR⁶C(O)OR⁷, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more R¹²; each R¹ is independently halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, —OR³⁰, —SR³⁰, —SF₅, —NR³⁰R³¹, C₁₋₁₂ alkyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₂ alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C(O)R³, —C(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)OR³⁰, —OC(O)R³, —C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —OC(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)NR³⁰R³¹, —S(O)₁₋₂R³⁰, —S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂R³¹, —NR³⁰S(O)₁₋₂NR³⁰R³¹, —NR³⁰C(O)R³¹, or —NR³⁰C(═O)OR³¹, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl of R¹ is independently optionally substituted with one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; each R²⁰ and R²¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; or R²⁰ and R²¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and each R³⁰ and R³¹ is independently hydrogen or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted with one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino; and or R³⁰ and R³¹ are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form heterocyclyl independently optionally substituted by one or more halo or C₁₋₁₂ alkyl independently optionally substituted by one or more oxo, halo, hydroxyl, or amino.
 51. The compound of claim 50, wherein R² is C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more R; R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or halo; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are hydrogen; R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are hydrogen; and each R¹¹ is independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl.
 52. The compound of claim 51, wherein R² is 3-(trifluoromethoxy)cyclobutyl; R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or fluoro; and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are hydrogen.
 53. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in therapy.
 54. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating a neurodegenerative disease.
 55. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for use in treating cancer.
 56. The use of a compound of claims 1-40, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurodegenerative disease or cancer.
 57. A compound of Formula XI:

or a salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, wherein each PG¹ and PG² are each independently a protecting group.
 58. The compound of claim 57, wherein: PG¹ is trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), tri-iso-propylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, dimethoxytrityl, methoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, or trityl; and PG² is carbobenzyloxy, p-methoxybenzyl carbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, tosyl, troc (trichloroethyl chloroformate), 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (nosyl) or 2-nitrophenylsulfanyl (nps), or together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, forms a N-carbamoyl group.
 59. The compound of claim 58, wherein PG¹ is tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), and PG² is tert-butyloxycarbonyl. 